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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

System

Collection of elements that work together for a common goal

System Elements

-Entities


-Resources


-Activities


-Controls

Entities

Items processes through system (Products, Customers, Documents)

Resources

The means by which activities are performed

Activities

Tasks performed in the system that are either directly or indirectly involved in processing entities

Controls

Restraints on how, when, and where activities are performed

Bounded Rationality

Our limited ability to grasp real-world complexity

Interdependencies

Relationships that cause the behavior of one element to affect other elements

Variability

Characteristic inherent in systems involving humans and machinery

System Performance Metrics

-Flow Time


-Utilization


-Value-added Time


-Waiting Time


-Flow Rate


-Inventory or Queue Levels


-Yield


-Customer Responsiveness


-Variance

Flow Time

Average time it takes an entities to be processes through the system

Utilization

Percentage of scheduled time resources are in productive use

Value-added Time

The amount of time an entity spends being in process for an operation that a customer is willing to pay for

Waiting Time

Amount of time entities spend waiting to be processed

Flow Rate

Entities produced or serviced per unit of time

Inventory/Queue Levels

Number of entities in storage or waiting areas

Yield

Percentage of acceptable entities as a percentage of total entities that originally entered the system

Customer Responsiveness

Ability of system to service entities to minimize waiting time

Variance

Degree of fluctuation of metrics

System Variables

-Decision Variables


Response Variables


-State Variables

Decision Variables

Input factors. Independent variables. Maybe controllable or uncontrollable.

Response Variables

Performance/Output Variables. Dependent variable.

State Variables

Indicate the status of the system at any specific point in time

Systems Engineering

System design and process improvement.

A/B/s

A: Type of interarrival distribution


B: Type of service time distribution


s: Number of servers

Arrival Time

λ

Service Rate

μ

Mean Interarrival Time

1/λ

Mean Service Time

1/μ

Traffic Intensity

λ / μ

L

Expected number of entities in the system


λω


λ / (μ-λ)

Lq

Expected number of entities in the queue


λ ωq


ρ^2 / (1-ρ)

ω

Expected time in the system

ωq

Expected time in the queue (Waiting time)

Pn

Probability of exactly n customers in the system