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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5 key values of conservatism? |
Tradition Human nature Organic society Authority Property |
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2 conservative thinkers: Tradition |
BURKE - accumulated wisdom, social cohesion CHESTERTON - democracy of the dead |
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3 aspects of human nature according to conservatives? |
Psychological - order and tradition = familiar Moral - original sin, order = stability/protection Intellectual - anti-ideology, pragmatism |
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3 Key points on organic society? |
Individual has social obligations Should not be interfered with (ie. socialism) Should be allowed to evolve freely |
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2 conservative thinkers: Authority |
BURKE - natural aristocracy (pre-democratic), classes have different functions (link to organicism) DISRAELI - social responsibility of the right to help others (neo-feudalism), only they are suited to ruling. |
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3 conservative views on protection of property? |
Social - security, more likely to respect others' rights. Psychological - individualism (collectivisation = depersonalised) Obligation to preserve wealth for future generations |
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5 key features of Peelite conservatism? |
Accepts reform as inevitable Challenges "negative philosophy" Pragmatism Focus on middle classes Protection of property |
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4 Key features of One Nation conservatism? |
Constitutional unity Tradition Patriotism Welfarism |
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How did Disraeli promote ONC ideals? 3 |
Introduced basic social support Unity through jingoism in popular culture Expansion of franchise - bringing people into the "national fold" |
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3 key features of authoritarian conservatism + thinkers |
Hierarchy Tradition Autocratic rule HOBBES//DE MAISTRE |
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What 4 ideological values did the New Right adopt? |
Populism Classical liberalism (economic) Neo-conservatism (social policy) Right wing nationalism |
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In what ways did the new right deviate from conservatism? (4) |
Rolling back state control - deregulation Strongly ideological Defied tradition Promotion of individualism (vs. organicism) |
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In what ways is the New Right conservative? 4 |
Strong law and order Traditional social values (eg. family) Reactionary/pragmatic Nationalistic |
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SANTAYANA 2 |
Action should be based on knowledge of the past Disorder is the biggest threat to individualism |
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POPPER 3 |
Human nature has evolved over time Rejects traditional value of fixed nature Pragmatism - must act in interests of CURRENT society. |
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OAKESHOTT 2 |
"Rudderless ship" - ie. must evolve and cannot be limited ideologically. Fixed ideology = conflict and weak government |
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KIETH JOSEPH 3 |
The "cycle of deprivation" is a result of state intervention Founder of the CPS - defined Thatcherite policy Trickle down economics |
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HAYEK |
Minimal state needed to prevent absolutism and removal of personal freedom - referred to WWII |
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FRIEDMAN |
Minimal state damages economic growth and discourages competition. |
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3(+2)values of nationalism? |
Political - Self-determination and independence Cultural - anti colonialism, patriotism Ethnic - preserving identity, organic society (anti-immigration) |
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4 types of nationalism? |
Liberal Conservative Postcolonial Right Wing |
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4 liberal nationalist thinkers? |
ROUSSEAU - popular sovereignty and self-determination MILL - government should embody nationality WILSON - "14 points", respect for sovereignty BOLIVAR - Anti-colonialism |
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2 conservative nationalist thinkers? |
DE GAULLE - national pride by exerting external power/dominance THATCHER - Euroscepticism, asserting autonomy in international affairs |
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3 postcolonial nationalist thinkers? |
FANON - psychological effect of imperial subjugation GANDHI - spiritual and political push for independence NYERERE - socialist form empasising co-operation and tribal harmony |
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3 right wing nationalist thinkers? |
CHAUVIN - national superiority and glory through domination SPENCER - social Darwinism, racialism VON HERDER - nationalism = preserving culture (not RW himself but ideas adopted by fascist groups) |
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ARENDT's view on Chauvinistic nationalism? 2 |
A natural product of the nation/identity Arises from the idea of the "national mission" to bring enlightenment and order to "barbaric" societies. |
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6 interpretations of the nation and nationalism? |
Objective - inclusive, diverse, civic Subjective - ethnic, exclusive, historical Organic - strongest bond (above class/gender) Primordialist - ethnicity, links to pre-modernism Modernist - Reacts to changing society Constructivist - an elitist social construct |
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GELLNER |
Modernist view - Nationalism is a reaction to changing social order eg. industrialisation |
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HOBSBAWM |
Nationalism as a social construct that serves the elite by promoting traditional values |
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Examples of UK LIBERAL nationalism? |
Wales - cultural bonds, language, self-determination, devolution Scotland - anti-imperial, sovereignty, rise of SNP |
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Examples of UK RIGHT WING nationalism? |
England - anti-immigration UKIP vote Euroscepticism - sovereignty |
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4 features of liberal democracy |
polyarchy free and fair elections limited government pluralism |
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3 Features of a developmental democracy |
Community development via. widespread political society Link to social contract - obligation to participate Potential for totalitarianism - prioritising collective interest over. |
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4 thinkers supporting developmental democracy? |
Rousseau Mill Fourier Talmon |
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4 features of protective democracy? |
Limited government intervention Maximising individual freedom Checks and balances Constitutionalism |
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5 thinkers supporting protective democracy? |
Locke Montesquieu Friedman Mill Hayek |
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7 threats to liberal democracy? |
Falling turnout Rejection of the establishment Populism and Socialism War of Terror Refugee Crisis 2008 financial crisis/austerity |
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5 similarities between democracy and dictatorship? |
Non-democratic influences Political elite Tendency towards prejudice Can actively restrict rights Can become intrusive |
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3 differences between democracy and dictatorship? |
Pluralism v. One party Protection v. Removal of rights Public v. Private |
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3 schools against dictatorship? |
Liberal Social Movement Tyrrany of Majority |
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3 schools justifying dictatorship? |
Marxism General Will Social Contract |
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4 disadvantages of democracy? |
Majority rule Uninformed electorate Undemocratic influences Achieving equality Depersonalised decision-making |
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5 features of the organisational state? |
Sovereignty Public institutions Legitimacy Dominance Territory |
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5 schools with a negative view of the state? |
Liberal Marxist New Right Feminist Anarchist |
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4.5 schools with a positive view of the state? |
Democratic/Revisionist Socialist Conservative Pluralist Neo-pluralist |
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3 views on the purpose of the state? |
Idealist - ethical, cultural cohesion, nationalism Functionalist - mechanism for maintining order Organisational - apparatus of gov't, organic |
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AUSTIN on sovereignty |
Internal - should reside in parliament |
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BODIN on sovereignty |
De Jure - should be A Sovereign to make laws but himself be above them (ie. expressing will of God) This conflicts with the rule of law. |
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HOBBES on sovereignty |
De Facto - absolute political power should reside with a single ruler Necessary to prevent moral collapse of society |
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RITZER |
Anti-globalisation Cultural elements - McDonalidisation, hegemony of western culture diluting tradition and expanding consumerism |
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3 elements of political globalisation |
Rise of supranationals/world government Role of trade blocs and cartels Role of UN and EU in curbing sovereignty |
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5 proponents of globalisation |
Friedman, Adam Smith - free trade and expansion of markets Keynes - economic interdependence encourages peace Fukuyama - democracy and liberalism Friedan, Millett - feminsit values advancing women's rights Locke - toleration |
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4 opponents of globalisation |
Hertz - impacts of economic crash/interdependence disproportionately impact the "ordinary citizen" Klein - environmental degradaion Ritzer - McDonalidisation Austin - undermines parliamentary sovereignty |
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3 faces of power + thinkers |
LUKES Decision Making - most public face, likely to be legitimate. Boulding: methods of influencing DMs - stick/deal/kiss Agenda Setting - Bachrach and Baratz, Schattschneider Mind Control - Chomsky "manufactured consent" |
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KANT on power |
Coercive power - use of threat to limit freedoms Can be morally done - without use of force/ aggression |
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OAKESHOTT on legitimacy |
must arise from social institutions, not ideological views or individual interpretations |
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Social contract view on legitimacy |
Rousseau - gov't must have the CONSENT of the people to be legitimate Hobbes - all gov't is legitimate if it protects citizens from disorder |
