Identifying & Separating Hydrocarbons

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hydrocarbon

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Compound containing only hydrogen and carbon; often found in petroleum, natural gas and coal.

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petroleum

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Natural resource from decaying plant, animal material over millions years; used in mfg of plastics, pharmaceuticals, fuels.

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viscosity

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Property of resistance to flow in fluid or semifluid. High viscous fluids flow poorly; low viscous fluids flow very easily.

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density

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Mass of a material per unit of volume; d= m/v

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fractional distillation

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Process where a mixture of liquids can be separated into its various components based on its differences in boiling point.

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fraction

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A main component of crude oil. Complex mixture of chemical compounds that have a similar boiling point.

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refining

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Process by which ores or other raw materials are used to make metals or other products.

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kerosene

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Only product of early refineries; flammable liquid similar to gasoline.

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crude oil

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Petroleum; liquid mixture of many different hydrocarbons that have formed naturally beneath Earth's surface.

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cracking

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Process where larger hydrocarbon molecules, generally from kerosene fraction, are broken into smaller ones.

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petrochemicals

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Principal feeding stocks; molocules formed by cracking, often used as chemical reactants for synthesis of other molecules.

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plankton

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Microscopic aquatic organisms, typically found at or near the bottom of aquatic food webs. Derives energy from sun.

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fuel

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Any chemical substance that reacts to produce energy; many common fuels combust when reacting with oxygen.

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town gas

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Coal gas manufactured for domestic and industrial use.

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geology

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Science of dealing with the dynamics and the physical history of the earth.

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distillate

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Product obtained from condensation of vapors in distillation

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solids

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Hydrcarbons with 20 or more carbon atoms (asphalt).

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liquids

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Composed of molecules that move freely among themselves; neither gaseous or solid.

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solubility

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Quality or property of being soluable; relative capability of being disolved.

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glycerin

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Glycerol; simple compound with low toxcitity and soluable in water.