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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 2 types of bone tissue?
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Compact=solid in appearance
Cancellous=spongy,%20 of bone mass |
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Name the bone types ?
(FLIS) |
FLAT-STERNUM
LONG-HUMERUS IRREGULAR-VERTEBRAE SHORT-CARPALS |
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Describe the parts of a long bone
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Diaphysis-main shaft
Epiphysis-Ends of bone Articular Cartilage-hyline cartilage Periosteum-Covers bone surface Medullary-hollow space Endosteum-lines medullary cavity |
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Describe what the bone matrix is composed of
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INORGANIC SALTS- compose 2/3 of the matrix
Calcium and Phosphate make Hydroxyappetite (85% of inorganic matrix) ORGANIC MATRIX-1/3 of matrix composed of collagenous fiber and mixtrue of proteins and polysacchrides called GROUND SUBSTANCE. |
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What is Osteoporosis?
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age related skeletal disease characterized by declining Estrogen levels.susceptible to fractures.
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What are the 3 methods for measuring Bone density?
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1.Bone biopsy
2.DEXA(Dual energy x-ray) 3.Radiographic absorptiometry |
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What is a Non-inflammatory disorder of the joint characterized by degeneration of the articular cartilage?
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OSTEOARTHRITIS
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Name the 4 components of the Haversian System
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Lamellae-cylindrical
Lacunae-little lakes Canaliculli-canals radiating from lacunae Haversian Canal-Extends lengthwise through center of haversian system |
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Describe Volkmann's canal
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Connects Haversian canals runs transverely carring blood and lymph from exterior bone to Osteon(haversian canal)
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What is Trabeculae?
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needlelike bony spicules in Cancellous bone.
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Name the 3 types of Bone cells
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Osteoclast-Bone reabsorber
Osteoblast-Bone builder Osteocyte-Mature cell |
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What type of tissue is bone marrow composed of?
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Myeloid tissue
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What molecule helps cartilage remain elastic?
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Chondroitin Sulfate
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Explain the function of the periostium
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important is essential for bone cell survival and bone formation.
Not found at joint surfaces Contains bone forming and bone destroying cells. |
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what are the 5 functions of bone.
HMPMS |
HEMATOPOEISIS
MOVEMENT PROTECTIVE MINERAL STORAGE SUPPORT |
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WHAT SERVES AS THE STOREHOUSE FOR CALCIUM?
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SKELETAL CONTAINS 98% OF BODY'SCALCIUM RESERVES.
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WHAT IS THE FUNCTIONS OF CALCIUM IN THE BODY?
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BONE FORMATION
BLOOD CLOTTING Transmission of nerve impulses Maintenance of skeletal and cardiac muscle concentration |
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What is the Primary regulator of Calcium in the Body?
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Parathyroid Hormone
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What is the Secondary regulator of Calcium in the Body?
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Calcitonin
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What is the process by which most Flat bones grow in size?
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Intramembranous Ossification
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What is the Process by which bones are formed by replacement of Cartilage models?
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Endochonral Ossification
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What is the Primary Ossification center?
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Midpoint of the Diaphysis
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At what age does the bone growth process Reverse?
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35-40
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What are teh 3 stages of Fracture repair?
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Fracture Hematoma
Internal/external Callus Bony remodeling |
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Name the 3 types of Cartilage
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Hyaline-most common,covers joint surfaces
Elastic-External ear,auditory tubes,epiglottis Fibrocartilage-Strong,rigid,Symphysis pubis,INTERVERTEBRAL DISK!!!!! |
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What defeciency decreases strength and size of bone?
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Vitamin A and Protein
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CH8
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CH8
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How many bones does the Human body Contain?
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206
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What are teh 2 main division of the Skeleton?
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Axial=80
Appendicular=126 |
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How many bones are in teh ear?
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6
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Name the 8 bones found in the Cranium
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Frontal=1
Parietal=2 Temporal=2 Ocipital=1(4joints,1 imoveable,3 moveable) Sphenoid=1 (Keystone,) Ethmoid=1(Anterior to sphenoid) |
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Name the 20 Facial bones
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Nasal=2
Maxillary(keystone)=2 Zygomatic=2 Mandible(strongest,largest)=1 Lacrimal=2 Palentine(hard pallet)=2 Inferior Nasal Cochae=2 Vomer=1 Malleus=2 Incus=2 Stapes=2 |
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Name the 4 sutures found in the skull
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Squamos
Coronal Lambdoidal Sagittal |
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Name the 4 Sinuses found in the Cranium
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Frontal
Sphenoid Ethmoid Maxillary(Largest Paranasal Sinus) |
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What are Fontanels?
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Soft spots in infants
Aloows rapid developement of the brain. Helps to ensure no damage to mom during Labor. |
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What bone does not articulate with any other bone?
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Hyloid
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How many Vertabrae are there?
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24 including Saccrum and Coccyx
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What are c-1 and c-2 considered?
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C-1 ATLAS
C-2 AXIS JOINT IS ALSO CALLED DENS |
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Which 2 regions do not contain Vertebral Foramen?
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Saccrum and Coccyx
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Name the 3 parts to the Sternum
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Manubrium
Body Xyphoid Process |
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How many ribs are there?
True,false,floating |
12 pairs
7 true 8-10 false 11-12 floating |
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What is the thorax made of?
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Thoracic vertebrae
ribs sternum |
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Where do the Ulna and radius articulate distally and proximal?
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Distally-Ulna meets w/ Trochlea
Radius meets w/ Capitulum Proximal-Ulna does not join tarsals Radius joins Scaphoid and Lunate |
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Name the 18 bones of of the hand?
PT LOVES SEX HOWEVER CAN'T TELL TIME |
PISIFORM
TRIQUETRUM LUNATE SCAPHOID DISTAL ROW HAMATE CAPITATE TRAPEZOID TRAPEZIUM METACARPALS PHELANGES(28) MCP-META PIP-PRE PHELANGE DIF-DISTAL PHELANGE |
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What 3 bones form pelvic girdle?
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Illium-Largest upper
Ischium-Strongest lower Pubis-Most anterior |
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What systems lay in the Pelvic outlet?
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Digestive and Female reproductive
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Name the Trasals
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Talus
Calcaneus Navicular cuboid Cuneiform |
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How is the Male and Female skeleton differ?
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Male pelvis is depper less than 90
More pronounce facial bones heavier |
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What are the 3 classification of joints?
FCS |
Fibrous
Cartilagenous Synovial |
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What are the 3 functional categories for joints?
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Synarthrosis-immovable
Amphiarthroses-Slightly moveable Diarthroses-Freely moveable |
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Describe Fibrous joint
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Tight fiting(Synarthroses)
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What joints have ligaments that join two bones?
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Syndesmoses(skull)
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Name the 7 structures of synovial joints
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Joint capsule-binding bone end
Synovial membrane-create synovial fluid Articular Cartilage-Hyaline cartilage Joint Cavity-Small space in joint Menisci-Pads of fibrocartilage Ligaments-Strong cords hold bones together Bursae-Cushion joint and help tendon movement |
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Name 3 types of Synovial joints
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Uniaxial-Hinge,Pivot
Biaxial-Saddle,Condyloid Multiaxial-Ball and Socket,Gliding |
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What type of joint is the Glenohumoral joint?
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Synovial/Diarthroses
multiaxial Ball and Socket most mobile |
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What is the Glenoid Labrum?
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Narrow rim of fibrocartilage arounf glenoid cavity(shoulder)
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What jointis the lateral articulation of the capitulum of the humerus with the head of the radius?
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Elbow joint
synovial/diarthroses uniaxial hinge joint |
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What are the only 2 Carpal bones the radius articulates with?
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Scaphoid,Lunate
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What 3 ligament stabilizes the Hip joint?
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Illiofemoral
Ischiofemoral Pubofemoral |
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What bones does the ankle joint articulate with?
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Tibia
Fibia Talus |
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What ligaments are in the ankle?
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Talofibular ligament
Calcaneofibular ligament Posterior Talofibular ligament Deltoid ligament |
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What is the disk in the outer vertebrae made of fibrous tissue?
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Annulus Fibrosus
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What is the Nucleus Pulposus?
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Disk at central core of Vertebrae
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What are the ligaments in the Vertebrae?
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Anterior longitudinal ligament
Posterior logitudinal ligament Ligamenta Flava |
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What are the 3 Inflammatory joint diseases?
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Rheumatoid Arthritus
Jouvenile Rheumatoid Arthritus Gouty Arthritus |
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What bone is the keystone of the cranial floor?
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Sphenoid
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what bone forms the pallet and the lateral wall of the posterior part of each nasal cavity?
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Pallentine
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