Id Therapeutics Exam 1 Set 1

Front 1

what factors exist between patient and bug that help determine selection process (3)

Back 1

1. immune status
2. site of infection
3. age

Front 2

what factors exist between bug and drug that help determine selection process (4)

Back 2

1. susceptibility
2. site of infection
3. protein binding
4. pH

Front 3

what factors exist between drug and patient that help determine selection process (5)

Back 3

1. immune status
2. pharmacokenetics
3. toxicity
4. organ function
5. pharmacodynamics

Front 4

nonspecific signs of infection (3)

Back 4

1. ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate)
2. CRP (c-reactive protein)
3. LFTs

Front 5

what substances are gram stains performed on (4)

Back 5

1. sputum
2. urine
3. CSF
4. wound specimens

Front 6

large cell wall and stains purple

Back 6

gram +

Front 7

thin cell wall and stains red

Back 7

gram -

Front 8

gram + cocci (4)

Back 8

1. staphylococci
2. streptococci
3. enterococci
4. listeria

Front 9

gram + cocci in clusters =

Back 9

staphylococcus

Front 10

gram + cocci in pairs and chains =

Back 10

streptococcus or enterococcus

Front 11

gram - bacilli (7)

Back 11

1. escherichia coli (e. coli)
2. klebsiella spp
3. enterobacter spp
4. serratia marcescens
5. proteus spp
6. pseudomonas aeruginosa
7. haemophilus influenzae

Front 12

gram - cocci (2)

Back 12

1. moraxella catarrhalis
2. neisseria spp

Front 13

non gram staining bacteria (6)

Back 13

1. chlamydia spp
2. mycoplasma pneumoniae
3. legionella spp
4. mycobacteria
5. rickettsiae
6. spirochetes

Front 14

non gram staining viral organisms (3)

Back 14

1. influenza A and B
2. hepatitis viruses
3. cytomegaloviruses

Front 15

gram + anaerobes (4)

Back 15

1. peptostreptococcus
2. peptococcus
3. propionibacterium acnes
4. clostridium spp

generally found in mouth and upper GI

Front 16

gram - anareobes (2)

Back 16

1. bacteroides fragilis
2. prevotella

generally found in lower GI tract

Front 17

AFB (acid fast bacilli) test for?

Back 17

mycobacteria

Front 18

india ink tests for?

Back 18

cryptococcus

Front 19

potassium hydroxide tests for?

Back 19

fungal pathogens

Front 20

lowest concentration of an agent that inhibits the visible growth of an organism in vitro

Back 20

MIC

Front 21

lowest concentration of an agent which results in 99.9% reduction in colony forming units

Back 21

MBC

Front 22

what is the breakpoint value based on? (3)

Back 22

1. drug pharmacokinetics
2. distribution of MICs
3. clinical efficacy

Front 23

drugs identified in Childs Pugh Classification (2)

Back 23

1. capsofungin
2. tigecycline

**be aware of liver toxicity

Front 24

which trimester are sulfonamides not used?

Back 24

last (3rd trimester)

Front 25

agents that exhibit concentration-dependent killing (5)

Back 25

1. aminglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin)
2. fluoroquinolones (cipro, ofloxacin)
3. metronidazole
4. amphoteracin B
5. daptomycin

Front 26

agents that exhibit non-concentration dependent killing (5)

Back 26

1. beta lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins
2. glycopeptides (vancomycin)
3. clindamycin
4. macrolides (erythromycin)
5. fluconazole

Front 27

AUC:MIC = _____ for gram - organisms

Back 27

>125:1

Front 28

AUC:MIC = ____ for gram + organisms

Back 28

30-40+

Front 29

what is the desired trough for vancomycin (concentration independent)

Back 29

15 mcg/ml but may be up to 20 mcg/ml in endocarditis, meningitis

Front 30

beta-lactamase inhibitors (3)

Back 30

1. clavulanate
2. tazobactam
3. sulbactam

Front 31

problem pathogens (ESKAPE)

Back 31

1. enterococci faecium (VRE)
2. staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
3. klebsiella spp (ESBL and carbapenemase-hydrolyzing b-lactamases)
4. acinetobacter baumanni
5. pseudomonas aeruginosa
6. enterobacter species

Front 32

options for treatment of VRE (vancomycin resistant enterococci) (4)

Back 32

1. linezolid (Zyvox)
2. daptomycin (cubicin)
3. quinopristin/dalfopristin (synercid)
4. tigecycline (tygacil)

Front 33

hospital acquired MRSA are resistant to? (6)

Back 33

1. penicillins
2. cephalosporins
3. quinolones
4. tetracycline
5. clindamycin
6. macrolides

Front 34

treatment of choice for hospital acquired MRSA (1)

Back 34

vancomycin

alternatives: linezolid, quinopristin/dalfopristin, daptomycin, tigecycline, telavancin, ceftaroline

Front 35

CA-MRSA more likely to be susceptible to non-beta lactams such as? (6)

Back 35

1. ciprofloxacin
2. clindamycin
3. tetracycline (not in children <8)
4. gentamicin
5. rifampin (not used alone)
6. bactrim

Front 36

organisms that produce ESBLs are especially resistant to? (1)

Back 36

1. ceftazidime

Front 37

currently ESBL producing organisms can be treated with?

Back 37

carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem)