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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Machiavelli
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-worked under soderini
-political theorist, playwrite, historian -blamed use of mercinaries for Italian defeats -wanted united Italy w/ citizen army -wrote Prince: seperates politics from ethics, religion. -virtu: male aggressive prowess in politics -fortuna: fate -balance between virtu & fate |
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cesare borgia
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-2nd son of alexander VI
-made cardinal by father -older brother murdered -marries Princess of Navarre, duke of Valentinois -wants establish dynasty of papal states, model for machiavelli's the prince -dies from syphillis |
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Rodrigo Borgia
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elected pope in 1492, same year italian invasions begin, father of cesare borgia.
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pienza
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town in sourthern italy
birthplace of Pius II New Cathedral facade by florentines @ end of Pius life |
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College of the Cardinals & Elections
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all cardinals in catholic church
papal conclave: secret, cardinals locked in chapel and don't leave til new pope is elected. White smoke/ Black smoke |
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Pius II
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from siense countryside
secular education memoirs of a renaissance pope |
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Pazzi Conspiracy
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1478
Pazzi rich banking family, enemies of medici, help of pope sixtus IV. At banquet fails and only kills Giuliano, at high easter mass, poliziano gains support of Medici |
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Giuliano de Medici
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1478 Killed in pazzi conspiracy
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Lorenzo de medici
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Lorenzo magnificent, grandson of cosimo, son of piero. Patron to great artists: Leonardo da Vinci, Lippi, Michelangelo, Botticelli.
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Neoplatonism
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beauty is a feature of the divine
combined ideas from plato, aristotle, pythagoras. Envisages the human soul rising above the imperfect material world through virtue and contemplation toward knowledge of transcendent one. |
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Laura Cereta
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father was attorney, childrens education important, 1488 published series of letters, defended womens right to education, fought oppresson of married women. Died at 30, criticized by men.
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Leon Battista Alberti
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renaissance humanist, arhcitect for facade of palazzo ricellai and santa maria.
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humanism
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history, rhetoric, classical lit, languages
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Donatello
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schiacciato: sketched relief, worked in ghiberti's workshot, made David, Cantoria, St. George and Zuccone.
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Baptistery Doors
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competition between artists 1401
Ghiberti vs Brunelleschi Ghiberti Wins, 1st set: scenes from life of christ; Medieval elements. 2nd set: Gates of paradise, uses perspective. |
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Filippo Brunelleschi
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1377-1446 trained as gold smith, invented one point perspective, architect of florentine Duomo 1418.
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fresco painting
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technique of painting on freshly spread lime plaster, used for walls of palaces, churches. Careful calculation of time management because dries quickly and cannot be changed.
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artist contracts
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artists under contracts had less independence than artists who ran their own shop.
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functions of art in renaissance society
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humanism & education
elites: displays wealth, patronage to artist= cultivated public art, church, devotional, statues, architecture. |
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nepotism
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popes act as princes goal is $, building projects for better rome, behave like nobles and saw themselves as emperors. Favoritism.
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Alexander VI
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1492-1503
nepotism, rival was julius II weakness for women italianized spaniar |
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battle of agnadello
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1509 major battle with king louis XII french army invaded venice, lost terraferma but Venice city protected by lagoon.
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Doge
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venetian duke was doge, republic of venice for 1000 years
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simony
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crime paying for holy offices/ sacrements
buying and selling of ecclesiastical privileges |
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Pico Della Mirandola
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oration on dignity of man
humans have free will protected by lorenzo the magnificent. |
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patronage
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catholic church, elite families like medici
humanism= increases interest in art, portraits. |
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masaccio
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1401-1428 only 7 years of work before died in rome. Brancacci chapel, some training but not in florence, giotto,
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gates of paradise
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1425-1452 Ghiberti did second set of baptistery doors, monument to age of humanism.
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lorenzo ghiberti
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goldsmith $ sculptor from florence, wins commision of baptistery doors, second door, nudity introduced, low relief sculpture.
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francesco sforza
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married bianca visconti, becomes duke of milan 1450, assassinated when son is 7.
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ludovico sforza
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il more=the moor=dark skinned
brother of francesco sforza, becomes regent for francesco's son, son dies young, suspected poisoning him. Ludovico now in charge of milan and invites charles VIII of Anjou, charles brings 40,00 troops takes florentine towns exiles medici. |
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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1452-1519 from florence
apprentinced to verrochio, lived in court of milan, devising court entertainments, science=liked experiements. Last supper, mona lisa. |
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gonzaga of mantua
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ruled mantua since 14th century, started out middle class but were marquis, acted as mercenaries, most famous school.
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frederico da montefeltro
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1422-1482
condottiere & lord of urbino, commissioned library in urbino, lived in venice & matua as hostage after peace of ferrara in 1433. |
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dual palace of urbino
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luciano laurana: architect, influenced by brunellescho's cloisters in florence, arcaded courtyard.
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savonarola
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1452-1498
dominican friar from ferrara, known for book burning, main opponent of alexander VI, preached against catholic clergy corruption, executed in 1498, emerged as leader of florence in 1494 after medici exiled, 1497: bonfire of the vanities. |
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Guicciardini
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used govt docs to verify "history of italy", father of modern italy.
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Raphael
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completed courtier, appointed vatican architect after bramantes death. Studied with perugino.
child prodigy, great colorist, rose quickly Julius II, stanze in popes apartment. School of athens: classical philosophers. |
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Lucrezia Borgia & Felice della Rovera
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powerful, educated women
illegitimate daughters of pope felice: Julius II Lucrezia: Alexander VI lucrezia had 3 husbands, 1st annulled, 2nd died, 3rd was D'este, Felice: married into orsini. |
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Michelangelo
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florentine, client of medici before exile, began David: finished after exile & placed in front of town hall.
Sistine Chapel ceiling commissioned by Julis II, had been better known for sculpture. |
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Benandanti
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Good walkers, fertility cult, tried as heretics under roman inquisition. Beliefs assimilated to satanism.
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Satanism
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diabolism, worship of devil, sabat: devil attends feast, women sells soul to the , orgies in darkness, children sacrificed.
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Malefice
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form of witchcraft in roman inquisition. Witchcraft in which a spell is put on someone.
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witch hunts
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witchfraft was heresy, different kinds of magic:malefice, satanism.
Judicial torture: accused was arrested & convicted, tortured until confession. Used to get witches to turn in others. Most victims were female. Only several hundred out of 500 k were in Mediterranean. |
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Burning of Gordano Bruno
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dominican friar, scientist, convinced for hersey after published theory that universe was infinite. Friend of galileo, inquisition showed mercy- placed bags of gunpowder around neck.
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Love magic
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main target of roman inquisition, the women can't get pregnant and went to see witch doctor.
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Index of Forbidden books
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500 heretical books, 1559, list written by Roman Inquisition, included Machiavelli, Pico.
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Roman inquisition
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system of tribunals, crimes related to heresey: sorcery, immorality, blasphemy, judaizing, witchcraft.
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Council of trent
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issued condemnations against protestants. Defined church teachings in areas of scripture & traditin, original sin, Counter- refermation.
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