Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Separate strep species based on hemolysis
|
Alpha (partial hemolysis): S. viridins and S. pneumoniae
Beta (complete hemolysis): Strep groups A-D, F, G (groups A (S. pyogenes), B, and G are virulent) Gamma (no hemolysis): enterococci |
|
|
T/F: Streptococcal species are normal skin flora.
|
FALSE (but can be acquired)
|
|
|
Infections caused by S. pyogenes (Group A Strep)
|
Puerperal fever/sepsis (post-partum), Scarlet fever, Pharyngitis, erysipelas, cellulitis, impetigo
|
|
|
Drug of choice for Strep
|
Penicillin (if anaphylactic to PCN, macrolides; if rash, 1st generation cephalosporins)
|
|
|
Who is at highest risk for Group B Strep infections?
|
Neonates and pregnant women (also adults with immunosuppression)
|
|
|
Listeria in an immunocompetent patient vs. immunocompromised
|
Immunocompetent: gastroenteritis, fever (generally clears on its own)
Immunocompromised/neonates: septicemia/meningitis |
|
|
What type of bacteria is often isolated from immunocompromised patients with some sort of indwelling medical device (ex: CSF shunt, catheters)?
|
Micrococcus
|
|
|
What is the preferred agent for empiric micrococcus treatment?
|
Vancomycin
|
|
|
What type of infections are commonly caused by Enterobacter?
|
NOSOCOMIAL bacteremia, pneumonia (esp. early post lung transplant), SSTIs, UTIs (w/ catheter)
|
|
|
Preferred treatment for Enterobacter
|
4th generation cephalosporin (Cefepime) and carbapenems; or cipro
|
|
|
What are the 3 main complications of pneumococcal PNEUMONIA?
|
Pericarditis, empyema, lung abscess
|
|
|
Why is vancomycin important in the empiric treatment of meningitis?
|
In the case of penicillin resistant S. pneumoniae (would be resistant to cephalosporins like Rocephin)
|
|
|
Why does dexamethasone reduce morbidity and mortality in S. pneumococcal meningitis?
|
Reduces the vigorous immune reaction to the bacteria that is thought to be the cause of the most morbidity and mortality
|
|
|
What is unique about pneumonia caused by R. equi?
|
Usually only pathogenic in immunocompromised hosts and causes pneumonia with cavitation and abscess formation in the lung (in 50% of cases)
|
|
|
What infections are commonly caused by Serratia?
|
UTI, LRTI (after mechanical ventilation), bacteremia, endocarditis/osteomyelitis
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of drug fever?
|
Hypersensitivity
|
|
|
What drug is most commonly associated with neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
|
Haloperidol
|
|
|
What is the definition of FUO?
|
1. Temp >38.3 C (101 F)
2. > 3 wks duration of illness 3. Failure to reach dx after 1 week of inpatient investigation |
|
|
What is the most common cause of FUO?
|
Infection
|
|
|
What cancers most commonly present as FUOs?
|
Lymphoma and leukemia
|
|
|
What is the difference between a leukemoid reaction and leukemia?
|
A leukemoid reaction is a temporary excessive WBC response associated with a cause outside the bone marrow, such as sepsis.
Leukemia is a permanent and progressive leukocytosis. |
|
|
What are the common characteristics of neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
|
Rigidity, AMS, autonomic changes and hyperthermia
Also, tachycardia, tachypnea, incontinence, coma, death |
|
|
Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
1. Stop neuroleptics
2. Control fever/fluid support 3. Dopamine agonists (bromocriptine, amantidine), beta blockers, benzos, dantrolene (for muscle rigidity) |
|
|
Most common complications of MRSA bacteremia
|
Abscesses of abdominal viscera, brain abscesses, meningitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis
|
|
|
Infectious causes of pericarditis
|
1. Viral (coxsackievirus, adenovirus) - effusion may develop, constriction rare
2. Pyogenic (pneumococcus, streptococcus, staph) - effusion, adhesions, and calcification/constriction may occur 3. TB (constriction in up to 50% of cases) 4. Fungal (histo, coccidio, candida, blasto) |
|
|
What is the most frequent viral cause of pericarditis?
|
Enterovirus (coxsackievirus)
|
|
|
Cardiac tamponade is more likely to occur from infectious/noninfectious causes of pericarditis.
|
Noninfectious
|
|
|
Treatment of pericarditis
|
Bed rest, anti-inflammatories (nonsteroidal or glucocorticoid)
|
