Id Q 3

Front 1

Fort Henry

Back 1

West Tenessee. Battle fought 1862 February 2.
First important victory for the Union and Brigade General Ulysses S Grant.

Front 2

Fort Donelson

Back 2

A fort built by the Confederacy to control the Cumberland river leading to the heart of Tenessee.
Captured by Ulysses S Grant in the Union attempt to cut the Confederacy in half by controlling the Mississippi River.

Front 3

Battle of Shiloh

Back 3

Major battle in the Western Theater of the CW fought 6-7 April 1862.
Confederates did well on the first day but were ultimately defeated. Johnston was killed on the first day of battle so his second in command, Beauregard, decided against attacking the Union again therefore the Confederate troops retreated from the bloodiest battle in US history up to that time ending the hope to defend the mississippi from the union.

Front 4

David Farragut

Back 4

"Damn the Torpedoes, full speed ahead!"
Regarded secession as treason. Lived in Norfolk, VA but joined the US Navy, was wary because first attack was destined to be for Norfolk but changed to New Orleans.

Front 5

Peninsula Campaign

Back 5

Major Union Campaign in south eastern VA through the middle of 1862. First large scale offense.
Commanded by Maj. Gen. McClellan, amphibious movement intended to capture Richmond - Confed capital

Front 6

Valley Campaign

Back 6

Took place in the Shenandoah Valley, VA in the summer of 1864.
Usually divided into three sections - Lynchburg Campaign, Early's Washington Raid and operations against the B&O railroad, Sheridan's Valley Campaign.
Lynchburg - Sigel told by Grant to "move up the valley" to destroy railroad center at Lynchburg
Early's washington - Robert E Lee concerned about advances in the valley that could threaten the railroad lines therefore the provisions for VA soldiers. Sent Early to sweep Union forces away and possibly threaten DC.
Sheridan - Grant lost patience for Early and knew that Washington was vulnerable if Early was on the loose. Slow start due to not wanting to cause a ruckus right before the election.

Front 7

"Quaker guns"

Back 7

Pretend guns used to deceive the enemy. A wooden log painted black. Confeds often used them to make up for shortage of real guns, putting them up on forts to delay Union attack.

Front 8

Thomas J. Jackson

Back 8

Best known, after Robert E Lee, confederate general. Survived an arm amputation but died of pneumonia 8 days later. His death not only set back the Confederates because of a loss of an officer but reduced moral etc.
Earnt his nickname, "stonewall jackson" in the first battle of bull run.

Front 9

Battle of Seven Pines

Back 9

Part of McClellan's Peninsula campaign
Begun3 1st May 1862 at Fair Oaks station, VA
Union advance to Richmond was halted, Confederates went back to hold defense in Richmond
- Neither side really 'won' but both claimed victory.'
McClellan was shaken by the battle saying that victory had no joy at this high cost.
Robert E Lee was put in command for the confederates.

Front 10

Battle of Kernstown

Back 10

Stonewall Jackson's only defeat
Received faulty evidence that the Union garrison at Winchester had about 3k men.
Stonewall marched his 3.4k men down and was stopped by the 8.5k union soldiers
Stonewall retreated.
Lincoln was disturbed by Stonewall's threat to DC and ordered more reinforcements - depriving McClellan of the men - who claimed those extra men would have lead to his victory.

Front 11

Battle of McDowell

Back 11

Stonewall marched his men toward the Shenandoah Valley, the union attacked their position at Sitlington's hill and ended up retreating back into western VA.
This allowed Stonewall's men to threaten the valley.

Front 12

Battle of Cross Keys

Back 12

Fremont, union, was pursuing Stonewall in the valley but was met with the confederate division at Cross Keys.
Fremont had his men feel out where the confederate's were and ended up retreating back to the protection of his batteries

Front 13

Battle of Port Republic

Back 13

Stonewall concentrated his forces south-east of the Shenandoah, attacking union troops.
Their assults led to many casualties but the union counter attacks weren't successful in reestablishing the line so they were forced to retreat.
Confederates at Cross Keys marched to join Stonewall and Fremont's army was too late to help the union brigades - he watched them helplessly from across the raging river.
Confederate victory in the Shenandoah freed up Stonewall's troops to aid Robert E Lee in Richmond.

Front 14

Seven Days

Back 14

Six different battles along the peninsula east of Richmond
Robert E Lee drove McClellan's invading army away from Richmond
Was the End of the peninsula campaign.
McClellan retreated, Lee knew of their defenses and didn't attack - went back to richmond.
Northern moral crushed by the retreat

Front 15

Second Battle of Bull Run

Back 15

August 1862
Offensive campaign launched by Lee against McClellan,
Much larger scale than first battle with more experienced soldiers
Lee struck first to hit the supply base at Manassas.
Stonewall led the rebels to seize supplies then hide in the woods. Jackson held his ground during an assult by the union that made for heavy losses on both sides. The rest, 28k, of the confederates arrived and launched a counterattack.

Pope withdrew his union army and headed to washington.

Front 16

Copperheads

Back 16

Northern oppositions of the CW.
Vocal Democrats that wanted an immediate peace with the Confederates.
Republicans began calling antiwar democracts "copperheads" comparing them to the venomous snake
Peace democrats took it as the copper coin "head" as the likeness to liberty and wore pennies as badges.

Front 17

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Back 17

Lt. Gen for the Confederates, most known, however, for serving as the first Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan.

Less educated than several other officers.

Front 18

Battle of Perryville

Back 18

Largest CW battle fought in kentucky.Confeds used it to draw union attention away from other areas. Succeeded in doing so.

Lack of communication by union meant confederates had an advantage but ended up retreating.

Front 19

Battle of Iuka

Back 19

Confed leaders moved troops north into tennessee and caputured a supply depot of iuka, mspi seizing food, weapons and supplies

Union planned a three-pronged attack to recapture iuka and valuable supplies. Only one force, however, arrived on time to attack the enemy.
Regardless, they pushed the forces out of town after one day of harsh fighting.

Confederates regrouped and got reinforcements and prepared to attack at Corinth two weeks later

Front 20

Battle of Cornith

Back 20

Confederates joined forces after the disaster at iuka in Corinth hoping to seize it and then move on into Middle Tennessee.
Union placed troops in various fortifications to protect the important transportation center.
Confederates arrived and began pushing the Union back and took advantage of a gap between the two brigades.
Union troops moved to close the gap but were unsuccessful.
Confederate general van dorn was certain he could finish the union off the next day as the heat and water shortages persuaded him to stop fighting for the day.
The union prepared for battle,
Confederate plans were to attack at daybreak but were delayed by sickness.
Union artillery caused several casualties but the confederates marched on.
Confederates were stubborn but eventually defeated and retreated.

Front 21

Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation

Back 21

Issued september 1862, said he would order the emancipation of all slaves in any confederate state that did not return to union control by 1863. None returned and the order took effect except where the union had already mostly gained control.
Outraged white southerners and angered some northern democrats but it definitely weakened foreign countries that were thinking to intervene and help the confederacy, lifted african american spirits and roused anti slavery forces.

Many slaves ended up running behind Union lines in order to have the emancipation enforced

Front 22

Civil liberties

Back 22

U.S Civil Liberties include Freedom of Speech, Right to Bear Arms,
It's said Lincoln improvised a little with these when he suspended habeas corpus and 'stole property' by emancipating slaves

Front 23

Arbitrary arrests

Back 23

Lincoln suspended writ of habeas corpus allowing protesters or simply disruptive citizens to be arrested and put in jail until they are no longer seen as a threat

Front 24

ex parte Milligan

Back 24

One of the first cases after the end of the Civil War.
Ruled that the application of military tribunals to citizens when a civilian court is still operating is unconstitutional

Front 25

Habeas corpus

Back 25

writ of habeas corpus: a person arrested must be seen by a judge.
Lincoln suspended this in early CW days in border states and then all through the north so that those posing a threat to society could be held until they no longer posed a threat

Front 26

Election of 1862

Back 26

x

Front 27

"Mud March"

Back 27

A winter attack attempt by McClellan's replacement (who was replaced after it).
Started off fine but it began to rain and the wagons and artillery sank in the mud and the horses were unable to cope, as were the men. Confederates laughed and teased the soldiers who soon retreated back to Fredericksburg.

Front 28

Conscription

Back 28

First time US used conscription.
Most were volunteers; about 2% of union were draftees or paid by draftees to take their place.
Confederate, Jefferson Davis, proposed the first conscription act.
Uproar, conscription compared to Slavery