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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the morphology of Leptospira spp?
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slender, helically coiled,gram neg bacteria; motil via periplasmic flagella
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What are the two serologic spp of Lepto? Which is pathogenic? Which is saprophytic (non-pathogenic)?
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Leptospira interrogans (pathogenic); Leptospira biflexa (saprophytic)
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What are the Leptosipiral serovars of veterinary importance?
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L. Canicola; L. Hardjo; L. Pomona; L. Grippotyphosa; L. Icterohemorrhagiae; L. Bratislava
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How is Lepto transmitted?
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Reservoirs: mammals (rodents often); excreted in urine of infected animals (clinically ill and carrier animals)
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How does direct transmission of lepto occur?
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mucosal membrane or abraded skin contact with contaminated urine: transplacental, venereal
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How does indirect transmission of lepto occur?
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contaminated water (optimal conditions are alkaline pH and moderate above-freezing temps)
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What is the one serovar that is limited as to what hosts serve as reservoir hosts?
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L. Hardjo (bovine, ovine, cervids)
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What is the pathogenesis of lepto?
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exposure --> penetration through *intact MM --> leptospiremia and vasculitis --> infection of *liver, *kidney, *lungs, spleen, CNS, eyes, and/or genital tract....... leptospiremia may last up to a week, Ab result in disappearance of leptospires from blood, but may persist in renal tubules for months
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What are the major serovars of bovids? Which causes dz, which are bovines a reservoir of?
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L. Pomona (dz), L. Hardjo (reservoir), L. Grippotyphosa, L. Canicola, L. Icterohemorrhagiae
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What is the major dz seen in young calves with lepto?
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Acute intravascular hemolysis (calves < 3 months); L. Pomona infections; CS: hemoglobinuria, anemia, icterus; high mortality
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What diseases are caused by lepto in adult cows?
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1. abortion in last trimester (L. Pomona); early abortions associated with L. Hardjo; 2. Agalactia: sudden drop in milk production with no signs of mastitis - L. Hardjo
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What are the major serovars of pigs?
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L. Pomona (dz), L. Bratislava and L. Canicola (reservoir); L. Icterohemorrhagiae
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What is the major clinical sign associated with lepto in pigs?
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abortion during last 2-4 wks of gestation; acute lepto is rarely seen
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What are the major serovars of sheep and goats?
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not common, L. Pomona (dz), L. Hardjo (reservoir)
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What major disease are caused by lepto in sheep and goats?
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acute hemolysis in young lambs, abortion in adult ewes
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What are the major serovars of horses?
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L. Pomona (dz), L. Bratislava (reservoir)
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What are the major diseases associated with lepto in horses?
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1. acute renal failure (rare), 2. abortion (end of gestation), 3. stillbirths and/or weak foals (born weak, anemic, and icteric), 4. equine recurrent uveitis ("moon blindness" occurs months to years following inital infection, immune-mediated)
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What are the common canine serovars?
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L. Grippotyphosa, L. Pomona, L. Icterohemorrhagiae, L. Canicola (reservoir); all can cause dz in dogs
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What type of dog is most affected by lepto and in what season?
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adult hunting dogs; most common in late summer/fall
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What are clinical signs caused by lepto in dogs? Which are highly suggestive?
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highly variable (lethargy, fever, anorexia, vomiting, bleeding, icterus, hepatomegaly, renomegaly, abdominal pain, diarrhea, acute renal failure, DIC); *Icterus and *acute renal failure
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What is associated with acute leptospirosis in dogs?
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vasculitis, DIC may occur, renal failure, liver damage; dz is more severe in younger animals; many animals are subclinical
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What serovars cause renal failure in dogs?
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L. Grippotyphosa and L. Canicola
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What serovars cause liver damage in dogs? Chronic active hepatitis?
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Liver damage: L. Icterohemorrhagiae and L. Pomona, Chronic active hepatitis: L. Grippotyphosa
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What is the incidence of Lepto in cats?
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under-regognized dz, clinical signs not well defined, outdoor cats at greater risk
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How is lepto diagnosed? Best methods?
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Clinical signs (vague in sm animal), FAT (best on kindey bx), Dark field microscopy on urine, Culture (Confirmatory diagnosis but requires special media), **Serology (most common: Microscopic agglutination test (MAT) measures IgG and IgM Ab), PCR
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What is the treatment for lepto in dogs, cats, and large animals?
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Dogs: penicillin to eliminate leptospiremia followed by doxy for 2 weeks to eliminate shedding, Cats: nothing established, Large animals: tetracyclines for 2 weeks
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What are the control methods for lepto?
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Vaccine: killed whole cell bacterins (produce **serovar specific immunity); 5-way in cattle (CGHIP), 2 2-ways and a 4 way in dogs
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Does vaccination prevent infection?
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Does not always prevent infection or shedding
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Is lepto zoonotic?
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zoonotic dz with mild to sever symptoms: flu-like illness, may progress to icterus, renal, or hepatic failure, pulmonary hemorrhage may be life threatening; Dz names in humans: Swine Herder's Dz, Weil's Dz, Canicola Fever
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