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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Penicillins
|
β-lactamases
Penicillin binding proteins Efflux |
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Vancomycin
|
"High resistance: formation of D-ala - D-lac
Intermediate resistance: formation of capsule, overproduction of PBPs" |
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Daptomycin
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Altering the charge on the membrane
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Cephalosporins
|
"β-lactamases
Cephalosporin binding proteins" |
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Carbapenems
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β-lactamase + efflux together
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Clindamycin
|
"Methylation of the 50S ribosome to prevent binding
Efflux" |
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Macrolides
|
"MLS: methylation of the 50S ribosome
M: efflux" |
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Linezolid
|
Methylation of the 23S ribosome
|
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Chloramphenicol
|
Methylation of the site of action
|
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"Streptomycin
Amakamycin Gentamycin Kanamycin Tobramycin Netilmycin Neomycin" |
Alteration of the drug: acylation, phosphorylation, adenylation
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Tetracyclines
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Main: efflux from organisms
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M2 Proton Inhibitors
|
Mutations in the transmembrane domain of A
|
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Neuramidase Inhibitors
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Mutation in the nuramidase enzyme
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Trimethiprim - Sulfamethoxazole
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"Alterations in DHFR
Increased production of DHFR" |
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Sulfanomides
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"Alteration of the dihydropteroate synthase
Increase in the amount of PABA" |
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Quinalones
|
"Upregulation of efflux transporters
Mutations in gyrase, topo" |
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Nitrofuratonin
|
Rare
|
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Fidaxomicin
|
"Mutations of RNA polymerase
" |
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Isoniazid
|
"Mutations in katG
Mutations in inhA" |
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Rifampin
|
"Alteration of mycobacterial RNA polymerase
" |
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Pyrazinamide
|
"Mutations in activation gene, pyrazanimidase
" |
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Ethambutol
|
"Mutation of the arabinosyltransferases
" |
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Streptomycin in Tb
|
Alteration of the ribosome
|
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Amphotericin B
|
No resistance
|
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5-Flucytosine
|
"Decreased uptake via purine/cytosine permease
Decreased activation via cytosine deaminase" |
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Azole Antifungals
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"Efflux via overexpresison of ATP Binding Cassette proteins
Decreased affiniy of lanosterol 14-α-emethylase for azoles Overexpression of lanosterol 14-α-demethylase" |
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Lamivudine
|
Mutation of HBV reverse transcriptase
|
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Tenofovir
|
Mutation of HBV reverse transcriptase
|
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Acyclovir, Gancyclovir
|
"Mutation in the kinase
Mutation in the viral DNA polymerase" |
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Cidofavir
|
"
Mutation in the viral DNA polymerase" |
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Foscarnet
|
None
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AZT/Zidovudine
|
Mutations in RT: increased excysin, decreased incorpation into nucleic acids
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Efavirenz
|
Mutation at allosteric site
|
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"Lopinavir
Ritonavir" |
Mutation of the protease
|
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Enfuvirtide
|
Muttions in HR2
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