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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. Name the different groups and all the gram positive bugs associated with them (e.g. Group D Strep?) Why are they categorized this way?
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Lancefield groups are categorized into Groups A through U on the basis of their C- carbohydrate, which is a polysaccharide in the cell walls of bacterias.
Group A: Sterptococcus pyogenes Group B: Stretptococcus agalactiae Group D: Stretptococcus bovis |
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2. What is the difference between alpha and beta (in terms of hemolysis)?
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Alpha-hemolytic causes a chemical change in the hemoblobin of red cells in blood agar, resulting in the appearance of a greem pigment that forms a ring around the colony. Beta- hemolytic causes gross lysis of red blood cells, resulting in a clear ring around the colony.
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3. List all the different formulations of amphotericin?
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Amphotericin B deoxycholate (Fungizone, Amphocin)
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex (Amphotec) Amphoteri B Lipid Complex (Abelcet) Amphotericin B lipsome (Ambisome) |
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4. What are the major side effects of amphotericin?
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Endocrine metabolic: weight loss
GI: diarrhea, loss of appetite, N/V Immunologic: complication of infusion, chills, fever, HA Other: Malaise |
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5. Give the “general” coverage for the following: itraconazole,
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All indicated for fungal infections
Itraconazole: Onychomycosis, Aspergillosis if refractory/intolerant to amphotericin B, blastomycosis, hostoplasmosiss -Caution: CYP 3A4 inhibitor, QT prolongation, negative inotrope, must weigh risks and benefits in pts with HF |
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6. What bugs are covered mainly by penicillins?
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Simple, non-resistant gram (+) and (-) bacteria, and bugs that have cell walls.
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7. Are penicillins better with Strep or Staph?
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Penicillins are the DOC for non-resistant Strep infections
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8. What is the mg to unit ratio of PCN VK?
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400,000 units: 250 mg
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9. List the Antipseudomonal penicillins
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a. Piperacillin
b. Ticarcillin c. Mezlocillin |
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10. Do combination ‘cillin drugs cover B frag?
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Yes, they cover anaerobes as well and the combination will enhance anaerobe stability
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11. Does Unasyn and Augmentin have the same coverage?
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Yes, Ampicillin (in Unasyn) and Amoxicillin (in Augment) have the same coverage
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12. Does Zosyn cover Pseudomonas?
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Yes, Zosyn is piperacillin and tazobactam. Piperacillin is the DOC for Pseudomonas
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13. What is the cross-sensitivity between penicillin and cephalosporin?
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Depending on which generation, there may be cross-sensitivity. It is important to monitor
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14. What is the cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and aztreonam?
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None. Aztreonam is used for pcn/ceph allergies
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15. What is the difference between coverage from 1st through 4th Cephalosporins?
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1st: more gram (+) coverage and less gram (-) coverage
--> 4th : less gram (+) but more gram (-) coverage |
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16. What are the Cephamycins and what do they cover?
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Cefuroxime
Cefaclor |
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17. Name the Antipseudomonal Cephs
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Ceftazidime
Cefipime |
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18. What Ceph has carnitine deficiency and what causes it?
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Cefditoren
Cause by inherited genetics or secondary to metabolic disorders |
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19. Do Cephs cover enterococcus?
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no
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20. Do Cephs cover Listeria?
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No
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21. Does Keflex cover H. flu?
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No
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22. Does Cefuroxime cover H. flu?
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Usually effective clinically or >60% susceptible
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23. Could we use fortaz and azactam together? Why or why not?
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Ceftazidime and Aztreonam should not be used together because it would be considered polypharmacy since they have the same mechanism of actions and are both b-lactams
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24. Which Quinolone is the best at covering gram negative bugs?
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Ciprofloxacin
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25. Which Quinolone(s) cover(s) pseudomonas the best?
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Ciprofloxacin
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Give the “general” coverage for the following: voriconazole,
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Voriconazole: Invasive Aspergillosis, or Scedosporium, Fusifarium, Candidemia/ Candidiasis
-Caution: Anaphylactic reactions |
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Give the “general” coverage for the following:, Fluconazole,
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Fluconazole: Vaginal candidiasis, oropharyngeal/esophageal and systemic candidiasis. Cryptococcal meningitis
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Give the “general” coverage for the following: caspofungin,
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Caspofungin: Invasive Aspergillosis, candidal infections, Emperic for neturopenia
-Caution: No approved indications for children |
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Give the “general” coverage for the following: ketoconazole (note- why would we use one over the other in terms of coverage)
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Ketoconazole: Systemic fungal infections
-Caution: Hepatotoxicity |
