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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the empiric tx for worsening PNA after influenza?
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Vanc + Levo (needs MRSA coverage)
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What is the best tx for pulmonary aspergillus?
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Voriconazole
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What are the treatment options for acute bacterial pharyngitis?
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PCN x 10 d or cephalospiron, amoxicillin, azithromycin
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What are the treatment options for acute bacterial sinusitis?
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amox clav 500 mg po TID x 10 d, or clarithro, azithro, TMP-SMX, fluoroquinolone, second generation cephalosporin x 10 d
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How do you treat adults with suspected bacterial meningitis?
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Vanc IV + ceftriaxone/cefotaxime
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How do you treat adults > 60/alcoholics/pts with chronic illness with suspected bacterial meningitis?
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Amp (for listeria) + vanc (s pneumo, h flu), cefotaxime (neisseria meningitis)
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How do you treat encephalitis?
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IV acyclovir (HSV), IV ganciclovir +/- fascarnet (CMV), doxy (RMSF, lyme, ehrlichiosis)
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How do you treat brain abscess?
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Broad spectrum abx + surgical drainage. 3rd gen cephalosporin + metronidazole +/- vancomycin IV x 6-8 weeks followed by 2-3 weeks PO.
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How do you treat MAC?
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Clarithromycin and ethambutol +/- rifabutin and HAART
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How do you treat Toxoplasma?
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High dose PO pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine and leukovorin X 4-8 weeks, maintenance with low dose pyrimethamine and sulgadiazine and leukovorin.
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How do you treat chlamydia?
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Doxy 100 mg po BID x 7 d or azithro 1 g PO x 1 d. (erythro in pregnant pts)
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How do you treat gonorrhea?
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Ceftriaxone iM or Cefepime PO x 1 dose. Add chlamydia tx.
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How do you treat syphilis?
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primary/secondary - Benzathine PNC IM x 1 d. Tetracycline or doxy x 14d if PCN allergy. Laternt - Benzathine PNC once weekly x 3 weeks. Neurosyphilis - PCN IV
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How do you treat an uncomplicated UTI?
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7 days - Bactrim or 3 days fluoroquinolone or 7 days nitrofurantoin.
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How do you treat a complicated UTI?
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14 days Bactrim, fluoroquinolone, nitrofurantoin
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How do you treat pyelonephritis?
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10-14d fluoroquinolones. If complicated or sick, fluoroquinolones, 3rd or 4th gen cephalosporins, B-lactam/B-lactamase inhibitors, carbapenem.
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How do you treat infective endocarditis?
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Vanc or nafcillin + gent. Amp/sulbactam or ceftriaxone as alternatives.
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How do you treat osteomyelitis?
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1) Vanc + cipro/levo/ceftaz/cefepime
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Which antibiotics have pseudomonal coverage?
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Ticarcillin, carbenicillin, piperacillin, 3rd and 4th gen cephalosporins, aztreonam, imi/cilastatin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, tetracyclines
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Which antibiotics block cell wall synthesis by inhibition of peptidoglycan cross-linking
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PCN, amp, ticarcillin, piperacillin, imi, aztreonam, cephalosporins
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Which antibiotics block peptidoglycan synthesis?
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Bacitracin, vancomycin, cylcoserine
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Which antibiotics block protein synthesis at the 50S ribosomal subunit?
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Chloramphenicol, erythro/macrolides, lincomycin, clindamycin, streptogramins, linezolid
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Which antibiotics block protein synthesis at the 30S ribosomal subunit?
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Sulfonamides, TMP
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Which antibiotics block DNA topoisomerases?
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Quinolones
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Which antibiotics block mRNA synthesis?
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Rifampin
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Which are bacteriocidal antibiotics?
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PCN, cephalosporins, vanc, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, metronidazole
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Which antibiotics disrupt bacterial/fungal cell membranes?
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Polymyxins
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Which antibiotics disrupt fungal cell membranes?
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Ampho B, Nystatin, fluconazole/azoles
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What are the aminoglycosides?
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streptomycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin
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What are the macrolides?
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Erythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin
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What are aminoglycosides generally used for?
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Serious GN rod infxns, synergistic with B-lactams.
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What are macrolides generally used for?
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URIs, STDs
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What is clindamycin generally used for?
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Anaerobic coverage, (e.g. Bacteroides fragilis, clostridium perfringens)
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What microbe causes rheumatic fever?
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Strep pyogenes
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What is the best tx for listeria?
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AMP + Gent (AG and PCN are synergistic, PCN breaks down cell wall and allows AG to work better)
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What is the best tx for pulmonary aspergillus?
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Voriconazole
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What are the treatment options for chlamydia?
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Doxycycline, Erythromycin, Azithromycin (Chlamydia is GN intracellular)
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What is empiric tx for CAP and no recent abx?
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Macrolide
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What is empiric tx for CAP + comorbidities or hospitalized?
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Respiratory FQ (levo/moxi) or B-lactam (ceftriaxone (1 to 2 g IV daily), cefotaxime (1 to 2 g IV every eight hours), ceftaroline (600 mg IV every 12 hours)) + macrolide
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What is empiric tx for ICU level tx of PNA?
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B lactam (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime or ceftaroline) + azithro or respiratory FQ
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What is the empiric tx for worsening PNA after influenza?
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Vanc + Levo (needs MRSA coverage)
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What is the microbe normally found in cat's mouths?
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Pasteurella multiocida
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What is the empiric tx for an infected cat bite?
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B-lactam (and if allergic, fluoroquinolone + clinda)
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Which abx are the B-lactams?
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penicillin derivatives, cephalosporins, monobactams (Aztreonam), and carbapenems
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What is the treatment for bacterial vaginosis?
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Metronidazole PO x7d or Metronidazole intravaginally x5d
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How does Coccidioides immitis present?
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Acute PNA in traveler to Arizona, California, New Mexico, and west Texas, as well as parts of northern Mexico (the Sonoran Desert)
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How do you treat trichomonas?
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Single 2g dose metronidazole (motile protozoa on wet prep)
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How do you treat a lung abscess?
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Cover for anaerobes (amp-sulbactam)
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What is the initial empiric TB regimen?
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isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethanbutol x2 months while waiting for susceptibilities. Narrow if you can, total 9 mo tx.
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