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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Circular
Round
Reproduces by budding
Yeast
Filamentous and hyphal forms
Reproduces by spores
Mold
Meningitis in HIV patients
Brain or spinal abscesses
Pulmonary nodules and lobar pneumonia
Crohn's like ulcers
Skin manifestations
Cryptococcus neoformans
Cryptococcus neoformans - ecology
Bird guano and soil
Cryptococcus neoformans - pathogenesis
Inhalational route
Cryptococcus neoformans - risk factors
HIV
SLE
Lymphoproliferative disorders
Cirrhosis
Sarcoidosis
Organ transplantation
Subacute headache, fever, malaise, neuropsychiatric symptoms
Elevated protein, lymphocytosis, and elevated opening pressure in CSF
Cryptococcal meningitis
Cryptococcal meningitis - poor prognostic indicators
Altered mental status
High CSF pressure
High cryptococcal antigen titer
Disseminated infection
Underlying disease
Cryptococcal meningitis - long term sequelae
Communicating hydrocephalus
Blindness
Deafness
CN palsy
Cryptococcal meningitis - treatment
Amphotericin B followed by fluconazole until CSF cultures are negative
Cryptococcus in AIDS
Seen mostly in CD4 counts < 50
Most develop encephalitis and meningitis
More insidious onset
Treatment of AIDS cryptococcus
Lifelong suppression with fluconazole until CD4 goes above 200
Cryptococcus neoformans - diagnosis
Tissue biopsy for fungal culture
Encapsulated narrow-based budding yeast
Cryptococcus neoformans - treatment
LP to rule out meningitis
Fluconazole for pulmonary infection
Amphotericin B and fluconazole for others
Infection in immunocompromised host with impaired cellular immunity
Centrally located pneumonia with interstitial infiltrate
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Pneumocystis jiroveci - ecology
Unicellular fungus
Inhalational infection
Pneumocystis jiroveci - risk factors
HIV with low CD4 count
Corticosteroids
Immunosuppressives
Malnutrition
Pneumocystics jiroveci - treatment
TMP-SMX for 21 days
Prednisone for severe disease
Pneumocystics jiroveci - poor prognostic indicators
Non-HIV patient
Respiratory failure
Pneumocystics jiroveci - complications
Pneumothorax from bullae and cysts that rupture into pleura
Thick-walled cavitary pneumonia
Vasculitis through invasion of arterial wall
Downstream necrosis and infarction
Opportunistic pathogen
Aspergillus
Aspergillus - risk factors
Immunocompromise
Neutropenia
Solid organ and bone marrow transplants
Chronic granulomatous diseases
Corticosteroids
AIDS
Fever
Hemoptysis
Pleuritic chest pain
Cough
Pulmonary aspergillosis
Pulmonary aspergillosis - diagnosis
CXR or CT with halo sign
Culture from bronchial specimens or biopsy
Serum galactomannan assay
Histology - acute angle branching and septate hyphae
Sinusitis - fever, cough, sinus headache, epistaxis, headache
CNS mass lesions with surrounding edema
Disseminated necrotic ulcerative lesions
Non-pulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus - poor prognostic indicators
Severe immunosuppression
Disseminated or extensive disease
CNS manifestations
Aspergillus - treatment
Reduce immunosuppression
Voraconazole - TOC
Amphotericin B
Caspofungin
Itraconazole
Facial pain
Headache
Fever
Orbital cellulitis
Black nasal discharge
Proptosis
CN deficits
Dusky eyelid
Rhinocerebral mucormycosis
Fever
Dyspnea
Cough
Infiltrate or cavity
Pulmonary mucormycosis
Cutaneous mucormysosi - pathogenesis
Direct trauma or burns
Abdominal pain
Distention
Fever
Abscess
GI mucormycosis
Mucormycosis - ecology
Mold
Widely distributed in environment
Mucormycosis - clinical sites of infection
Rhinocerebral
Pulmonary
Cutaneous
GI
CNS
Renal
Mucormycosis - risk factors
DKA
Neutropenia
Hematologic malignancies
Iron chelating therapy
Burns and trauma - direct inoculation
Mucormycosis - pathogenesis
Inhalation or cutaneous inoculation
Spread through direct or vascular invasion
Mucormycosis - diagnosis
Tissue diagnosis
Broad-based non-septate hyphae at right angles
Mucormycosis - treatment
Correct underlying risk factors
Surgical debridement
IV amphotericin B
Mucormycosis - poor prognostic indicators
Pulmonary disease
Extensive involvement
Cutaneous lesion with ulceration and scaly plaques after trauma
Chronic septic arthritis
Chronic cavitary pneumonia
Sporothrix schenkii
Sporothrix schenkii - ecology
Dimorphic fungus
Associated with straw, sphagnum moss, wood, rose plants
Sporothrix schenkii - diagnosis
Biopsy and culture
Sporothrix schenkii - treatment
Itraconazole for 3-6 months
Supersaturated KI solution
Amphotericin B