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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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S1
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mitral and tricuspid
systole |
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S2
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Aortic and pulmonary valves
diastole |
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S3
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splash of rapidly filling ventricles
shortly after S2 |
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S4
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atrial kick
just before S1 |
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cardiac changes at birth
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hypertrophy of ventricles
closing of ductus arteriosis, and venosus closing of foramen ovale heart horizontal at first, more vert by 7 heart rate variable and murmers often heard within 48 hours |
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geriatric cardiology
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decrease in size
LV hypertrophy valvular fibrosis thickened endocardium less elastic |
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orthostatic hyportension
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2-5 min standing
20mmHg drop in sys 10mmHg drop in diast hypoperfusion |
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PMI
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point of maximal impulse
5th intercosta, midclavicular |
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thrill
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palpable murmer
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lift heave
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cardiac impulse readily felt on chest
hypertrophy |
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ascultation of S1
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apex
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ascultation of S2
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base
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physiologic S2 split
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inhalation
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pathologic S2 split
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pulmonic stenosis
atrial septal defect RV heart failure R bundle block |
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tachycardia
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>100 BPM
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bradycardia
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<60
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diastolic heart murmers
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S2 to S1
early= semilunar regurg late= AV valve stenosis |
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systolic heart murmers
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S1 to S2
early= semilunar stenosis late = AV valve regurg |
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gradation of heart murmers
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grade
1- barely audible in quiet room 2- quiet, but audible 3- moderately loud 4- loud, thrill 5- very loud 6- bat shit crazy loud |
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contraindications for veinipuncture
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mastectomy
deformities stroke infection at or near site thrombophlebitis elderly patients with vascular disease dialasis shunt |
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needle gauge size
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Small is big
Big is small 14 to 18 IV 21 blood draw |
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borders of lung fields
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apex above clavicle
lower= 6th 8th 10th antero-posteriorly |
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atopy
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allergic reactions
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stridor
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high pitch wheeze lung sound
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tactile fremitus
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vibrations felt when patient speaks a low pitched sound
decreased vibrations= liquid accumulation |
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crepitus
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crackling or grating sound in bone
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norm respiratory rate
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12-20
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bronchophony
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sounds heard louder and clearer with ascultation
fluid or tissue in lungs |
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Egophony
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E's like A's
consolidation of lung tissue like a tumor |
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whispered pectoriloquy
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whispers heard better in certain lung feilds
consolidated lung tissue |
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ascites
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swelling in the abdomen
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linea nigra
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dark line on belly of mom
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striae
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Large purple= cushings or steroids
large normal collared= pregnancy or rapid growth |
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liver size
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6 to 12 cm, midclavicular line
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cullen
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a bruise around the umbilicus
ectopic preg pancreatitis hemoperitoneum |
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grey turner
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bruising around flanks
pancreatitis hemoperitoneum |
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ecchymosis
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bruising
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McBurneys pt
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mid ASIS to umbilicus
appendicitis |
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Murphy
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pain when palpating gallbladder
cholecystitis |
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Rovsing
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RLQ pain
appendicitis inflamed peritoneum |
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gaurding
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rigidity when touched
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Psoas pain
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appendicitis
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developmental red flags
Motor |
4mo-lack of head control
9- cant sit 18- cant walk |
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developmental red flags
cognitive |
2mo- no fixation
4mo- no visual tracking 6mo- no turning to sound 9mo- no babbling |
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HEEADSSS, wellness exam
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Home
Education Eating Activities Drugs Safety Sex Suicide |
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CRAFFT
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drug screening
Car Relax Alone Forget Friends |
