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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bacteremia
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presence of bacteria in blood
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septicemia
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presence of bacteria or bacterial toxins in blood
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SIRS
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systemic inflammatory response syndrome; at least 2 of:
1. fever (T > 39) or hypothermia (T < 36) 2. tachypnea (> 24 breaths/min) 3. tachycardia (HR > 90) 4. leukocytosis (>12,000/uL) or leukopenia (< 4,000/uL) or > 10% bands |
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sepsis (def)
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SIRS with suspected or proven microbial cause
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severe sepsis (sepsis syndrome)
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sepsis with at least one sign of organ dysfunction:
metabolic acidosis acute encephalopathy oliguria hypoxemia DIC hypotension |
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septic shock
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severe sepsis with hypotension (systolic <90, or 40 below normal BP) which is unresponsive to fluids
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refractory septic shock
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septic shock that lasts for at least 1h, without response to fluids or pressors
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MODS
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multiple organ dysfunction syndrome: dysfunction of multiple organs (duh) requiring intervention
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mortality from acute MI:
from sepsis with no organ failure from sepsis with 1 organ failure from sepsis with at least 3 organ failures from sepsis overall |
<5%
15% 30% 70% 18-28% |
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Before 1990, sepsis was caused mainly by ___. After 2000, it is caused by ___.
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G- bacteria
G+ (52%), G- bacteria (38%), multiple bacteria, fungi |
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parts of LPS
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Lipid A
Core O antigen |
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main toxin component of LPS is
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Lipid A
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The ___ component is the same for all G- bacteria.
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Core
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The ___ component is unique for each bacterium.
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O antigen
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Main inflammatory agents released by macrophages early in sepsis are
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TNF-alpha
IL-1 |
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CARS
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compensatory anti-inflammatory response syndrome
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CARS is characterized by (4)
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macrophage deactivation
reduced antigen presentation T cell anergy TH1 -> TH2 shift |
