Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
normally there's ___ ml of pleural fluid with ___ protein and ___ cells/uL
|
7-10
15 g/L 1500 |
|
|
2 kinds of pleural effusion
|
transudate
exudate |
|
|
4 causes of transudative pleural effusion
|
LHF
lymphatic obstruction by tumor fluid from extrathoracic site hypoalbuminemia |
|
|
hypoalbuminemia can be caused by ___ (2)
|
nephrotic syndrome
liver failure |
|
|
exudative pleural effusion can be caused by ___ (7)
|
TB
abdominal disease PE esophageal perforation collagen vascular disease parapneumonic effusion malignancy |
|
|
lymphatic drainage of lungs can be obstructed in ___
|
lymphoma
|
|
|
fluid from extrathoracic site can occur in ___
|
pancreatitis
|
|
|
T/F: pleural effusion can be asymptomatic
|
true
|
|
|
3 symptoms of pleural effusion
|
pain
cough dyspnea |
|
|
pain in pleural effusion can be ___ or ___
|
pleuritic
dull |
|
|
fremitus in pleural effusion is ___
percussion is ___ breath sounds auscultation is ___ |
reduced
dull reduced |
|
|
CXR detects ___ of fluid
|
> 175 ml
|
|
|
TB can cause a ___ type of effusion
|
empyema
|
|
|
chest CT can detect ___ of fluid
|
<10cc
|
|
|
at the midclavicular line, the lungs end at ___ rib and the pleura at ___ rib.
|
6th
8th |
|
|
at the midaxillary line, the lungs end at __ rib and the pleura at ___ rib
|
8th
10th |
|
|
at the sides of the vertebral column, the lungs end at the ___ rib and the pleura at the ___ rib
|
10th
12th |
|
|
for pleurocentesis, insert needle at top/bottom of rib
|
top
|
|
|
Light's criteria for exudate
|
fluid protein > 0.5 serum protein
fluid LDH > 0.6 serum LDH fluid LDH > 2/3 upper limit of normal |
|
|
you need ___ of Light's criteria to diagnose exudate
|
1
|
|
|
urine in pleural fluid is called ___. it is caused by ___
|
urinothorax
obstructive uropathy |
|
|
glucose is reduced below ___ in ___ (4)
|
60 mg%
TB RA malignancy parapneumonic effusion |
|
|
triglycerides are elevated above ___ in ___. this is caused by ___.
|
110mg%
chylothorax trauma to thoracic duct |
|
|
fluid is bloody if there are ____ RBCs/mm^3. this can occur in ___ (3)
|
100,000
PE trauma malignancy |
|
|
neutrophils indicate ___
|
acute infection
|
|
|
eosinophils indicate ___ (6)
|
parasites
asbestos pneumothorax hemothorax drugs PE |
|
|
lymphocytes indicate ___ (2)
|
malignancy
TB |
|
|
mesothelial cells are increased/decreased in TB
|
decreased
|
|
|
2 markers for TB
|
adenosine deaminase (ADA)
IFNg |
|
|
sarcoidosis can cause transudate/exudate
|
both!
|
|
|
4 drugs which cause exudate
|
MTX
amiodarone nitrofurantoin bromocryptine |
|
|
asbestos causes transudate/exudate
|
exudate
|
|
|
4 empyema criteria
|
thick pus
positive culture pH<7 or Glc<60mg% pH<7.2 and LDH>1000 |
|
|
drawback of pleurodesis for pleural effusion is ___
|
restrictive lung disease
|
