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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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COPD is a state of ___ limitation due to ___ or ___
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airflow
emphysema chronic bronchitis |
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chronic bronchitis is defined as ___
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productive cough for at least 3 months for at least 2 consecutive years
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T/F: you can have asthma with no airflow limitation
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true
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3 known COPD risk factors
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smoking
occupational smoke exposure A1AT deficiency |
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air pollution is a definite factor in ___ but only a probable factor in ___
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asthma
COPD |
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3 molecular problems in COPD
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proteinase/antiproteinase imbalance
inflammation oxidative stress |
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3 kinds of epithelial dysfunction in COPD
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mucus hypersecretion
ciliary dysfunction decreased DLCO |
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loss of alveoli in COPD causes ___
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V/Q mismatch
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in COPD PFT, ___ (3) is reduced and ___ (3) is increased
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FEV1
FEV1/FVC VC RV FRC increased TLC |
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COPD pts have brady/tachypnea
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tachypnea
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in contrast to asthma COPD onset is ___ in life and damage is ___
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late
irreversible |
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one way to distinguish COPD from edema secondary to HF is
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edema clears after diuretic
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COPD causes RHF via ___.
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pulmonary HTN
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enlarged heart secondary to pulmonary HTN is called ___
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cor pulmonale
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on CXR emphysema appears as ___
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enlarged lungs
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3 kinds of drugs for COPD
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beta2 agonists
antimuscarinics corticosteroids |
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___ aka ___ is a short term beta agonist for COPD
___ (2) is a long term beta agonist for COPD |
ventolin
albuterol formeterol salmeterol |
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___ aka ___ is a short-term antimuscarinic for COPD
___ is a short-term antimuscarinic for COPD |
aerovent
ipratropium thiotropium |
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___ (2) are inhaled CSs for COPD
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fluticazone
budezamide |
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___ (2) combine steroids with ___.
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symbicort
seretide beta2 agonist |
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___ is an indication for O2 supplemenation
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documented hypoxemia
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if required O2 should be administered ___ hours per day
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>14
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only ___ (2) are proven to reduce COPD mortality
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smoking cessation
O2 |
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lung hyperinflation can be treated with ___
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lung volume reduction surgery
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3 indications for lung volume reduction surgery
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FEV1<20% of predicted
upper lobe predominance very low exercise capacity |
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lung transplant doesn't ___ but does ___.
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prolong life
improve quality of life |
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lung transplant patients die of ___ (2)
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infections secondary to immune suppression
bronchiolitis obliterans |
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lung transplant is suitable for patients under ___ y.o.
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65
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2 most common causes of COPD exacerbations
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infection
air pollution |
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1/3 of COPD exacerbations are due to ___
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unknown causes
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4 tx for COPD exacerbation
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cephalosphorin
NIPPV bronchodilators CS |
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NIPPV is
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noninvasive positive pressure ventilation
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if acute exacerbation causes ___ (3), admit to ICU
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confusion
lethargy coma |
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3 indications for NIPPV
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moderate/severe dyspnea with use of accessory muscles
acidosis with hypercapnea tachypnea |
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because of ___, mechanical ventilation is a last resort
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difficulty in weaning
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