Icm Nephrology 04: Arf

Front 1

3 causes of ARF

Back 1

prerenal
renal
postrenal

Front 2

in hospital setting, the 2 most common causes of ARF are

Back 2

ATN
prerenal

Front 3

3 components of prerenal ARF

Back 3

heart
vessels
blood

Front 4

2 vessel-related causes of ARF

Back 4

loss of lumen (vasculitis, dissection)
microemboli following catheterization

Front 5

___ is a blood-related cause of ARF

Back 5

hypovolemia

Front 6

hypovolemia will cause tachycardia unless ___

Back 6

ca2+ blockers are present

Front 7

3 causes of ATN

Back 7

prolonged azotemia
sepsis
drug toxicity

Front 8

T/F: ATN is usually reversible

Back 8

true

Front 9

in ATN urine specific gravity is ____ and urine osmolality is ___. in prerenal azotemia urine specific gravity is ___ and urine osmolality is ___.

Back 9

<1.012
<250
>1.018
>500

Front 10

in ATN BUN/creatinine ratio is ___, in prerenal azotemia it's ___.

Back 10

10-15
>20

Front 11

prerenal azotemia resolves within ___ of volume correction and vital signs

Back 11

48-72h

Front 12

all ___s can cause ARF

Back 12

glomerular diseases

Front 13

shrunken kidneys on US mean

Back 13

chronic intrinsic renal disease

Front 14

echogenic normal sized kidneys on US mean ___ (2)

Back 14

acute GN
ATN

Front 15

normal kidneys on US mean

Back 15

prerenal azotemia

Front 16

bilateral enlarged kidneys on US mean ___ (4)

Back 16

amyloidosis
DM
HIV nephropathy
PKD

Front 17

stones only cause postrenal ARF if ___ (3)

Back 17

there is only 1 kidney present
stone is lodged in urethra
cancer

Front 18

T/F: With 2 kidneys, 1 of which has hydronephrosis, ARF is possible.

Back 18

false

Front 19

the first 2 transplanted kidneys are hooked up to ___ artery. the 3rd is attached to ___

Back 19

iliac
abdominal aorta

Front 20

4 indications for dialysis in ARF

Back 20

uremia
hyperkalemia
fluid overload
metabolic acidosis

Front 21

uremia in ARF may cause ___ (5)

Back 21

obtundation
asterixis
seizures
nausea
pericarditis

Front 22

hyperkalemia threshold in ARF is ___ or ___ if ___ are present

Back 22

6.5 mM
5.5 mM
EKG changes

Front 23

dialysis for pH correction in ARF is indicated if ___ (2)

Back 23

pH < 7.2
HCO3- therapy not tolerated

Front 24

heme pigment nephropathy is caused by release of ___ during ___.

Back 24

myoglobin
rhabdomyoloysis

Front 25

myoglobin in heme pigment nephropathy can cause ___ in kidney

Back 25

tubular obstruction

Front 26

severity of heme pigment nephropathy can be measured by ___. normal levels are ___, in rhabdomyolysis levels are ___.

Back 26

CK
170
>10000

Front 27

6 risk factors for radiocontrast nephropathy

Back 27

DM
CHF
hypovolemia
multiple myeloma
NSAIDs
ACEI

Front 28

if ACEIs cause ARF it means ___. if creatinine and K+ increase ___% after ACEI or ARBs, you must ___ (2).

Back 28

kidneys are dependent on ang II for GFR
>20
stop drugs
check for renal artery stenosis

Front 29

in contrast to all other causes, aminoglycoside nephropathy has ___ and lacks ___.

Back 29

hypokalemia
oliguria

Front 30

unilateral enlargement of kidney means ___ (2)

Back 30

renal vein thrombosis
malignancy

Front 31

unilateral shrinkage of kidney means

Back 31

renal artery stenosis

Front 32

asterixis is present in ___ (4)

Back 32

ARF
CRF
cirrhosis
respiratory acidosis

Front 33

ratio of intracellular/extracellular K+ needs to be about ___. reduced ___ in CRF causes ___kalemia.

Back 33

40/1
GFR
hyper

Front 34

4 risk factors for hyperkalemia

Back 34

metabolic acidosis
protein catabolism
hemolysis
steroids

Front 35

CRF causes ___calcemia, ___phosphatemia and ____vitaminosis D.

Back 35

hypo
hyper
hypo

Front 36

___ (3) in CRF cause ___PTHism

Back 36

hyperphosphatemia
hypocalcemia
hypovitaminosis D
hyper