Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Seborrheic keratoses: Epidemiology, Etiology
|
Epidemiology: The most common cutaneous neoplasm
Unusual in childhood Increasing incidence with age, occurs in most elderly people Equal gender incidence Etiology: Unknown |
|
|
Epidemiology: The most common cutaneous neoplasm
Unusual in childhood Increasing incidence with age, occurs in most elderly people Equal gender incidence Etiology: Unknown |
Seborrheic keratoses: Epidemiology, Etiology
|
|
|
Seborrheic keratosis: Clinical Distribution
|
Distribution: Any cutaneous surface except the mucous membranes
On the trunk, may have a Christmas tree pattern Long axis is oriented along skin tension lines |
|
|
Seborrheic keratosis: Clinical Appearance, Symptoms
|
Appearance: Macular or papular
Vary from a few mm to a few cm Waxy yellow to dark brown color Usually has a velvety or verrucous surface Has a “stuck-on” appearance Commonly has a greasy appearing scale Symptoms: Usually asymptomatic Occasionally pruritic May be irritated, depending upon location (under shirt collars, bra straps etc.) |
|
|
Seborrheic keratosis Variants
|
SK Variants: Stucco Keratoses
Most common in elderly people Mainly on acral areas Multiple, 3-4mm seborrheic keratoses Usually appear a gray-white color Asymptomatic SK Variants: Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra Seen in people with darker skin tones Distributed on the face Multiple, tiny seborrheic keratoses |
|
|
Most common in elderly people
Mainly on acral areas Multiple, 3-4mm seborrheic keratoses Usually appear a gray-white color Asymptomatic |
SK Variants: Stucco Keratoses
|
|
|
Seen in people with darker skin tones
Distributed on the face Multiple, tiny seborrheic keratoses |
SK Variants: Dermatosis Papulosa Nigra
|
|
|
Melanocytic nevi: Definition, Epidemiology
|
Definition: Benign proliferations of melanocytes in the skin
Epidemiology: Extremely common Prevalence varies by age In Caucasian populations, average of 20 nevi by 20y of age Generally higher prevalence with lighter skin tones |
|
|
Definition: Benign proliferations of melanocytes in the skin
|
Melanocytic nevi
|
|
|
Nevi: Etiology
|
Unknown
Probably related to cumulative UV light exposure Painful sunburns before age 20y associated with nevi development Regular use of broad-spectrum sunscreen in childhood decreases the number of new nevi in children May be a genetic predisposition |
|
|
Nevi: Clinical Distribution, Appearance, Types
|
Distribution: Any cutaneous surface
In kids, tends to be on sun-exposed areas Appearance: Usually orderly lesions: Symmetrical Regular borders Homogeneous surface & color Round or oval shape Types: Classified as junctional, compound, or intradermal Pathologic description, correlates with clinical appearance |
|
|
Nevi: Life cycle
|
Typical life cycle of nevi:
Appear after 6 – 12 months of age Enlarge and increase in number in early childhood & puberty Continue to increase in number through 20s & 30s Regress in later life, disappearing with time May undergo eruptive growth in: Adolescence Pregnancy After steroids or human growth hormone administration |
|
|
Nevi: Junctional
|
Nests of nevus cells are located at the JUNCTION between the epidermis and dermis
Clinical appearance: Small (typically 1mm – 1cm) Round Flat or slightly raised Light to dark brown/black Most common in children |
|
|
Nevi: compound
|
Nests of nevus cells at both the JUNCTION between the epidermis and dermis and within the DERMIS
Clinical appearance: Raised Often papillomatous May be skin-colored, light tan, brown, or black |
|
|
Nevi: Dermal
|
Nests of nevus cells are located completely within the DERMIS
Clinical appearance; Raised (papules) Brown to flesh colored Smooth or papillary surface Rubbery texture |
|
|
Approach to Nevi
|
History: Family or personal hx of melanoma
Exam: Check for the ABCDEs A: Asymmetrical B: Irregular, notched, or angular borders C: Jet-black or variegated colors (brown, tan, pink, red, white, black) D: Diameter >6mm or growing E: Elevation – new pigmented nodule development Biopsy: If any lesion is suspicious for melanoma, biopsy it! Ideally do a PUNCH or EXCISIONAL biopsy for accurate measurement of height Treatment: Most require no treatment May excise for cosmesis or if become irritated |
|
|
Actinic keratosis & cheilitis: Definition, Epidemiology
|
Definition: Pre-malignant lesion of keratinocytes
Actinic keratosis on the skin Actinic cheilitis on the lips Epidemiology: Usually in fair skinned populations Affects >50% of elderly, fair-skinned people in hot, sunny climates Typically begins if 30s-40s, but found as early as teens & twenties in sunny areas Usually develop more with time |
|
|
Actinic keratosis & cheilitis: Risk Facors
|
Risk factors:
Fair skin Blue eyes Red or blond hair Outdoor occupation or recreation Older age Childhood freckling |
|
|
Actinic Keratosis: clinical Distribution, Distribution
|
Distribution: Sun-exposed areas
Background of sun damage Distribution: Flesh color to erythematous Ill-defined macule or papule Dry, adherent scale, often better felt than seen Ranges from pinhead to several cm Often multiple lesions Usually asymptomatic |
|
|
Actinic Cheilitis: clinical Distribution, Appearance, Background
|
Distribution: Usually lower lip (large UV exposure)
Appearance: Diffuse, slight scaling Often entire lower lip to commissures Occasionally see leukoplakia Background: Sun damage Blotchy, atrophic appearance Indistinct & irregular vermilion border Vermilion border often has perpendicular wrinkles |
|
|
Actinic Keratosis: Prognosis
|
Premalignant – may develop into squamous cell carcinoma
Probability of any given AK developing into an SCC is not known Risk is higher in immunocompromised patients (ex. organ transplant recipients) Actinic cheilitis should be treated, as SCC on the lip has a higher risk for metastasis Risk marker for increased risk of skin cancer Both SCC & melanoma |
|
|
Cysts: Definition, Epidemiology, Etiology
|
Definition: Any round to dome-shaped mobile lesion that contains expressible material
Epidemiology: Extremely common Male:Female ratio of 2:1 Etiology: Usually idiopathic May arise from occluded follicular infundibulum May arise from traumatically implanted epidermis (ex. in surgical scars) |
|
|
Cysts: Clinical Distribution, Appearance, Complications
|
Distribution: Mainly face, neck & chest
Predilection to preauricular area Appearance: Usually flesh-colored papules or nodules Several mm to several cm Often has small central punctum connecting cyst to epidermis Complications: May become inflamed or infected |
