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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of ice covered the land 20,000 years ago?
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30%
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What percentage of ice covers the land today?
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10%
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What was the most recent Ice age?
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Pleistocene
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What is the chemical evidence that the temperature of the world is changing?
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Chemical composition of substances changes with temperature Sediment builds up in layers |
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What is the geological evidence that the temperature of the world is changing?
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Landscape has been shaped by glaciers, where ice no longer is
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What is the fossil evidence that the temperature of the world is changing?
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Fossils of animals can be found with adaptations for either hot or cold climates
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What is the accumulation zone?
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Where the snow is collected
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What is the ablation zone?
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Where the ice melts at the end of the glacier
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What is the glacial budget?
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The difference between the accumulation and ablation zone
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What is a case study on a receding glacier?
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South Cascade glacier
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Where is the South cascade glacier?
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Washington state, USA
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How long is the cascade glacier?
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1.73km
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By how much is the South cascade glacier retreating by each year?
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660m
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What 2 types of erosion occurs in glaciers?
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Plucking and Abrasion
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What is plucking?
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- Melt water flows into the cracks in the sides of the glacier. - It freezes. - The glacier continues to move and pulls rocks with it. |
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What is abrasion?
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- Rocks frozen in the glacier scrape against the sides and walls of the glacier - Like sandpaper - Smooth's the sides |
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How do glaciers begin?
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From a corrie
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What is the circular motion in a corrie called?
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Rotational slip
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What is erodes in a corrie that allows the glacier to begin down the mountain?
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The rock lip
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Describe an Arête-
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- Steep ridge in between two corries. - It is eroded over time and becomes steeper. |
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Describe a pyramidal peak-
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- Steep peak - In between 3 or more corries |
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Describe a corrie-
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A bowl shape at the top of a mountain where snow accumulates to begin a glacier.
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Describe a truncated spur-
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- Blunt ended sloping ridge which descends from the flank of the valley - Interlocking spurs that have been eroded |
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Describe a hanging valley-
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- A U shaped valley that hangs above a larger glacier - It was once a tributary glacier |
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How is an Arete formed?
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- 2 corries back to back
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How is an pyramidal peak formed?
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- More than 3 corries or aretes back to back
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How is a corrie formed?
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- Snow falls and collects in a dip in the mountain - Rotational slip begins to occur - Snow turns to ice under pressure - Erosion begins and the dip becomes a bowl - Plucking and abrasion |
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How are truncated spurs formed?
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- Interlocking spurs are created by a river - Glacier erodes through the interlocking spurs on its way down the mountain |
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How are hanging valleys formed?
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- Smaller glaciers flow into a larger one - the larger one has more erosion and therefore becomes deeper - Therefore leaving the smaller tributary hanging |
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How are U shapes valleys formed?
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Starts as a V-shaped valley, but through plucking and abrasion becomes wider
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Where are ribbon lakes found?
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Bottom of U shaped and V shaped valleys
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What is medial moraine?
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- Found in the middle - From two glaciers merging |
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What is lateral moraine?
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- On the sides of the glacier - Rocks from abrasion and plucking - Slower on the edges so can't carry as much sediment |
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What is ground moraine?
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All over the ground from deposited sediment when ice melts
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How is a drumlin formed?
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- Glacier deposits some sediment because it is too heavy or it has slowed down - Hard to go up ridge which causes steep side - Easy on the way down which causes gentle slope |
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What is the cause study for a tourist area in a glacial region?
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Chamonix
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Where is Chamonix?
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North-west part of the alps
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What is the population in Chamonix?
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10,000
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How many visitors does Chamonix get a day in summer and winter?
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Winter- 60,000 Summer-100,000 |
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How many km of hiking and biking trails has Chamonix got?
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350km hiking 40km mountain biking trails |
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What are the impacts of tourism on Chamonix?
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- Noisy - Pollution - Economic benefit - Jobs |
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How is a slab avalanche caused?
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- Sheet of snow breaking along a fracture line
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How is a loose snow avalanche formed?
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- little cohesion between individual crystals
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What are the causes of an avalanche?
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- deforestation - steel slopes - vibrations - heavy rain and snow fall |
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How are avalanches managed?
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- Prediction - Explosions to trigger avalanches - Land use zones - Reforestation |
