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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Diesel engines require a speed limiter, commonly called the _________, to control the amount of fuel being injected into the cylinder.
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Governor
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Define the term "Bore":
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Diameter of engines cylinder.
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What is the highest point of piston travel called?
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Top Dead Center (TDC).
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This term is known as the amount of space within the cylinder when the piston is at TDC as compared to the amount of space when the piston is at BDC.
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Compression Ration of the engine.
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A cycle refers to:
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any operation or series of events that repeats itself.
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in a four stroke engine, how many rotations of the crankshaft are required to complete one cycle?
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Two
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What are the four strokes in a four stroke cycle engine?
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Intake, Compression, Combustion (Power) and Exhaust.
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Define the term ''Stroke".
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Distance the piston travels from top of cylinder to the bottom.
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This term is the order in which each cylinder fires in a multi-cylinder engine:
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Firing Order.
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In a two stroke engine, how many revolutions of the crankshaft complete one cycle?
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One
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What is Heat of compression?
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Ignites fuel when injected into cylinder due to compression of gases reaching upwards of 1000 degrees Fahrenheit.
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What are two types of engine mounts?
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Rigid and Flexible.
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What component is the mounting pedestal for the engine and its driven machinery, where alignment is critical?
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Sub-Base
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If you sound a fountation bolt and it sounds clear like a bell it is? (Tight or Loose)
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Tight
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What is the function of the oil pan?
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Collects and stores engines supply of lubricating oil.
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What are the two functions of the cylinder head?
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1. Top seal for cylinder bore or sleeves.
2. provides structure holding exhaust valves, fuel injector and intake valves. |
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Define the crankcase:
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area around crankshaft and crankshaft bearings.
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what component is used to prevent misalignment between propulsion machinery and propeller shaft?
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rigid engine mount.
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what are four reasons for cylinder gasket leakage?
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1. reusing a permanently compressed gasket.
2. improper installation of the gasket. 3. installation of a damaged or defective gasket. 4. improper torquing of cylinder head: a. too loose or too tight. b. improper torquing sequence. |
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What component is a barrel or bore which provides the engine with the cylindrical structure needed to confine combustion gases?
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Cylinder liner.
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What are three types of cylinder liners?
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1. dry cylinder liner.
2. wet cylinder liner. 3. water jacketed cylinder liner. |
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What are the cylinder blocks usually made from?
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Cast Iron.
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In a diesel engine what occurs at or near the end of the compression stroke, just before the power stroke?
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fuel injection
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in a four stroke diesel engine, what term is used to describe the time frame during which both the intake and exhaust valves are open?
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valve overlap.
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in a 2 stroke diesel engine, how many revolutions does the crankshaft during one power stroke?
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1.
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In a two stroke diesel engine, how many revolutions does the camshaft spin in relation to the crankshaft?
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1:1
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In the two-stroke diesel engine combustion process, the power stroke starts after the piston passes near:
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TDC (Top Dead Center)
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How do you compute compression ratios?
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Divide BDC Cylinder volume by TDC Cylinder volume (example: 10:1 ratio means that there was 10 times more space between the crown surface and the top of cylinder at BDC than there was at TDC)
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On average which ICE has a higher compression ratio? (Gas or Diesel)
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Diesel
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Compression Ratio:
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Amount of compression between TDC and BDC.
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In Ft/lbs per minute and per second what does 1 HP equal?
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-33,000 ft/lbs per minute
-550 Ft/lbs per second |
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Mechanical efficiency is:
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the ration of an engines brake horsepower to its indicated horsepower.
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Brake Horsepower:
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amount of usable horsepower delivered by engine to crankshaft.
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Indicated horsepower:
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power transmitted to pistons by gas in cylinders and is mathematically calculated.
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Define Power:
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amount of work being done per unit time or state of doing work.
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Define Firing Order:
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the order in which each of the cylinders fire in a multi cylinder engine.
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Define Displacement:
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Bore X Stroke X number of cylinders.
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In a 4 stroke engine, what is the ratio of cam shaft turns to crank shaft turns?
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1:2
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What stroke comes just before exhaust but after compression?
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Power Stroke
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Timing is defined as:
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the correct relationship between the crankshaft and the camshaft.
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What are the required five supporting systems in order to operate a diesel engine?
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Air intake, Exhaust, Cooling, Lubrication and fuel injection.
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What type of mount is used for absorbing minor engine vibrations?
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Flexible mounts.
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What secure the engine, driven machinery and the sub base to he hull structure?
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Foundation Bolts
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What provide the structure and rigid frame for the engines cylinders, coolant and oil passages and provides support for crankshaft and camshaft bearings?
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Cylinder block.
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What is usually located on the bottom of the cylinder block and is defined as the area around the crankshaft and its bearings?
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Crank case.
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What collects and stores the engine's supply of lubricating oil?
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Oil Pan. (located at bottom of crank case)
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What seals the surface between the cylinder block and cylinder head?
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Cylinder Head Gasket.
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What is the term which refers to the order in which to tighten cylinder head stud nuts?
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Torquing Sequence
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What are the two types of cylinder liners?
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Integral and remoable
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What is used to measure whether the cylinder liner is out of round or not?
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Cylinder bore gauge or a telescoping gauge in combination with an outside micrometer.
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What are the three avenues through which pistons are cooled?
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1. Lubricating Oil (Primary means)
2. Air entering the cylinder during the intake stroke. 3. Ring contact with the cylinder wall (about 30%) |
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What is the upper part of the piston directly responsible for changing the volume of the cylinder?
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Piston Crown
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What is a reinforcement used on larger pistons to prevent flexing or warping?
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Crown Rib. (On smaller pistons the pin boss can serve as a crown rib)
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What is the term used to refer to the "Side" of the piston?
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Piston Skirt
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What is the function of the piston skirt?
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receives the side thrust created by the movement of the connecting rod and the crankshaft and works to keep the piston in proper alignment.
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What are the Three Piston Skirt designs?
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1. Plain or smooth.
2. Slotted. 3. Knurled. |
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Which piston skirt design holds lubricant best which causes an increase in service life?
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Knurled.
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What is a rib around the inside of the skirt, used on larger pistons, to prevent flexing or warping? (not always found on pistons)
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Skirt Reinforcement
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What functions as the seal between the piston and the cylinder wall which reduces friction by minimizing contact area?
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Piston rings
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What are the two primary purposes of the compression ring?
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1. Seals combustion chamber preventing blow by and loss of power.
2. Transfers heat from the piston to the cylinder wall. |
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What is the function of the Oil control ring on the up stroke?
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prevents metal to metal contact by distributing oil to the cylinder wall.
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What is the function of the Oil Control ring on the down stroke?
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wipes excess oil from the cylinder wall preventing oil from burning in the cylinder.
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What is the Piston Ring "Face"?
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part of the piston ring coming in contact with the cylinder wall.
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The distance between the ends of the piston ring is known as what?
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Ring Gap
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What Holds the piston rings in place?
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Piston grooves.
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What is the term which refers to the spaces between the grooves?
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Lands
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What is the purpose of the piston lands?
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maintain the spacing of the rings.
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The Number of grooves and lands varies according to what three things?
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1. Piston Size
2. Piston Type 3. Manufacturer's specifications |
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What is the piston pin?
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link between the piston pin and the connecting rod.
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The pin being secured to the piston pin bosses by a bolt or pin, and the connecting rod rotating on the wrist pin refers to what type of pin attachment?
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Fixed, or stationary.
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The pin being secured to the connecting rod by a bolt or pin and the wrist pin rotating in the piston pin bosses refers to what type of pin attachment?
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Semi-Floating
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the pin is free to rotate in the pin boss and the connecting rod and held in place by caps, plugs or snap rings or clips, refer to what type of pin attachment?
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Full-Floating
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What is defined as "A heavily reinforced opening in the skirt"?
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Piston Pin boss
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What is the mounting point for bushings or bearings which support the piston pin?
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Piston Pin Boss
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What is a rib over the pin boss to prevent flexing or warping of the boss?
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piston pin boss reinforcement. (not always found on the piston)
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What does the top end (smaller bore) of the connecting rod connect to?
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Piston Pin
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What does the bottom end (Larger Bore) of the connecting rod connect to?
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Crank shaft
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What are the 2 different constructions of connecting rods?
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1. Conventional construction
2. fork and blade construction (two connecting rods as one assembly) |
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Which component changes the reciprocating motion of the pistons into a rotary motion, required to drive components?
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Crank Shaft
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Define Intermediate main journals on a crank shaft:
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Journals located centerline on the crank between the main and rear main journals.
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What are the points of attachment on the crank for the connecting rods that are offset from the main journals?
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Connecting rod journals.
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what forms the link between the main or intermediate journals and the conn rod journals?
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crankshaft webs.
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two webs with a conn rod journal in the middle make up a what?
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Throw
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what component of the crankshaft balances the off center weight of the individual crank throws and compensate for centrifugal force generated by each rotating crank throw?
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Counterweights
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When the driving mechanism of an engine consists of only gears, the mechanism is commonly called a?
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Gear Train
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Which gear in the gear train is located between, as well as keeps in time, both the crankshaft and camshaft?
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Idler Gear
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What term defines the space between the thickness of a gear tooth and the width of the space between teeth in the matting gear?
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Backlash
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What is the function of Engine Bearings?
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support rotating shafts and other moving parts and used to transmit loads from one part of the engine to another.
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What are the two basic types of engine bearings?
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1. Anti-friction
2. Friction |
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Which classification of bearing type is known to be less withstanding of axial loads?
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Anti-friction bearings
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The classifications of Anti-Friction bearings are:
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1. Ball
2. Cylindrical roller 3. Needle 4. Tapered roller 5. Self-Aligning roller 6. Thrust |
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Friction bearings are used for:
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Main Bearings and Connecting Rod bearings.
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Friction bearings operate poorly in what type of atmosphere?
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Dry (no lubrication)
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What component, installed on the end of the crankshaft, absorbs its energy during sudden variations of load upon the engine?
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Flywheel
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What component creates leverage or mechanical advantage for the starting motor?
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Flywheel
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What device is used to absorb torsional vibrations (twisting and untwisting) of, and mounted to, the crankshaft?
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Vibration Dampner
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What component can be defined as a long bar with egg shaped eccentric lobes; one lobe for each valve and fuel injector (unless there is a valve bridge installed).
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Camshaft
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5-5
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5-5
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