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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What two vessels supply blood to the liver?
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Hepatic portal vein &
Hepatic artery |
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Which vein carries blood away?
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Hepatic vein
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What is one of the main functions of the liver (relating to blood flow)?
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To regulate levels of nutrients before the blood flows on to the rest of the body.
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Inside the liver the haptic portal vein divides up into vessels, what are these vessels called?
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Sinusoids
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Describe sinusoids (its structure)
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These vessels are wider than normal capillaries and have more porous walls, consisting of a singe layer of very thin cells, with many pores or gaps between the cells and no basement membrane.
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Why does the liver need to regulate levels of nutrients in the blood?
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Excessively high levels of glucose and other nutrients would cause damage to the organs of the body, especially the brain.
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What happens when certain nutrients are in excess in the blood?
Provide an example |
Hepatocytes absorb the excess nutrients in the blood and store them, releasing them when the are low levels.
Example- When the blood glucose level is too high, insulin stimulates hepatocytes to absorb glucose and convert it to glycogen for storage. When the blood glucose level is too low, glucagon stimulates hepatocytes to break down glycogen and release glucose into the blood. |
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What are Kupffer cells? What happens to hemoglobin inside the Kupffer cells?
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Phagocytic cells in the walls of the sinusoids.
Inside the Kupffer cells the hemoglobin splits into heme groups and globins. The globins are hydrolysed (broken down) into amino acids. THese amino acids are then released into the blood. Iron is removed from the heme groups. This leaves it with a yellow colored substance called bilirubin. Iron and bile pigment are released into the blood. |
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What are canaliculi?
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Hepatocytes secrete bile into narrow tubes that permeate liver tissues called canaliculi.
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Where does the bile drain through?
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It drains through the canaliculi to the gall baldder, where it is concentrated by reabsorption of water and is eventually discharged into the small intestine via the bile duct.
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What are the three main types of plasm protein?
What is each one produced? |
Albumin : hepatocytes
Globulin : Since some globulins are antibodies, they are made by lymphocytes. Fibrinogen : hepatocytes |
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Where is cholestrol synthesized?
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By hepatocytes
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How is cholestrol used in the liver?
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Some of it is used for hte production of bile. The rest of it is transported by the blood for use somewhere else in the body.
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Where is blood from the liver carried? How?
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Blood from the liver is carried by the hepatic vein to the right side of the heart via the inferior vena cava.
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How are hepatocytes provided with the oxygen they need for aerobic cell respiration?
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Branches of the hepatic artery join the sinusoids at various points along their length, providing hepatocytes with the needed oxygen.
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