Ibhl Female Reproductive System

Front 1

What is number 1 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 1

ovary

Front 2

What is number 2 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 2

oviduct/fallopian tube

Front 3

What is number 3 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 3

urinary bladder

Front 4

What is number 4 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 4

uterus

Front 5

What is number 5 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 5

cervix

Front 6

What is number 6 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 6

vagina

Front 7

What is number 7 on the anatomy of the female reproductive system diagram?

Back 7

urethra

Front 8

What is "a" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 8

primary follicle (contains primary oocyte)

Front 9

What is "b" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 9

mature follicle (contains secondary oocyte)

Front 10

What is "c" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 10

germinal epithelium

Front 11

What is "d" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 11

first polar body

Front 12

What is "e" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 12

ovulation of secondary oocyte

Front 13

What is "f" on the diagram of the ovary (female reproduction diagram sheets)?

Back 13

corpus luteum

Front 14

What is A on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 14

follicle cells/corona radiata

Front 15

What is B on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 15

zona pellucida/jelly coat

Front 16

What is C on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 16

egg's cell membrane and vitelline membrane (very close together)

Front 17

What is D on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 17

peri-vitilline space

Front 18

What is E on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 18

cortical granules

Front 19

What is F on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 19

nucleus

Front 20

What is G on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 20

nucleolus

Front 21

What is H on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 21

polar body

Front 22

What is I on the diagram of the mature egg?

Back 22

cytoplasm

Front 23

What is the zona pellucida made out of? How do the sperm get through it?

Back 23

Glycoproteins; digested by hydrolytic enzymes released by the sperm's acrosome

Front 24

What is oogenesis?

Back 24

the process that produces a mature egg

Front 25

Outline the major features of oogenesis IN ORDER.

Back 25

1. Mitosis of the germinal epithelium (in female fetus) 2. Cell division (of oogonium..still fetal) 3. Meiosis (Meiosis I through prophase is fetal; Prophase I to prophase II is a few follicles every 28 days after puberty; finishing meiosis II is only if egg is fertilized.) It is important to note that both meiosis I and meiosis II in oogenesis have unequal division of the cytoplasm; the cells that gets very little cytoplasm are called polar bodies...they will degenerate/break down

Front 26

How many gametes are made in oogenesis?

Back 26

1 large egg (plus 2 small polar bodies)

Front 27

What is the timing of gamete formation in oogenesis?

Back 27

1. Mitosis of the germinal epithelium (in female fetus) 2. Cell division (of oogonium..still fetal) 3. Meiosis (Meiosis I through prophase is fetal; Prophase I to prophase II is a few follicles every 28 days after puberty; finishing meiosis II is only if egg is fertilized.). Women experience menopause in their 40s/50s, after which time no more primary follicles will mature.

Front 28

How are eggs released?

Back 28

Secondary oocytes are released from mature follicles in a process called ovulation. The egg travels through the oviducts to the uterus. If fertilized, it will implant in the endometrium of the uterus. Otherwise, it can break down and leave through the vagina

Front 29

What is the endometrium?

Back 29

The endometrium is the lining of the uterus

Front 30

What is the role of FSH in the menstrual cycle? Where is it made?

Back 30

FSH causes the development of the follicle, including the development of the primary oocyte, the division of follicle cells, the production of follicular fluids, and causing the follicular cells to secrete estrogen. Made in the pituitary

Front 31

What is the role of LH in the menstrual cycle? Where is it made?

Back 31

LH causes the oocyte to continue meiosis and high levels result in ovulation and the formation of the corpus luteum. It is made in the pituitary

Front 32

What is the role of estrogen in the menstrual cycle?

Back 32

Estrogen causes growth of the endometrium and causes follicle cells become more sensitive to FSH (by making follicle cells produce more FSH receptors. Estrogen is made by follicle cells.

Front 33

What is the role of progesterone in the menstrual cycle?

Back 33

Progesterone maintains the thickened endometrium and does negative feedback on LH and FSH. (If LH and FSH levels rise, the next menstrual flow phase begins) It is made by the corpus luteum.

Front 34

What hormone conditions cause ovulation?

Back 34

Peak in LH levels (caused by peak in estrogen levels)

Front 35

What hormone conditions cause menstruation?

Back 35

Rise in LH and FSH following drop in estrogen/progestrerone (progesterone, made by the corpus luteum, inhibits these hormones; when the corpus luteum disentigrates it causes the next menstration)

Front 36

Draw and label a graph showing hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and the thickening of the endometrium.

Back 36

Your diagram should look like figure 46.14 in your textbook. Can you label all of the hormone graphs and indicate what the ovary and endometrium look like at each step?

Front 37

Give an example of positive feedback in the menstrual system.

Back 37

Estrogen causes follicle cells become more sensitive to FSH (by making follicle cells produce more FSH receptors). This causes the follicle cells to respond more strongly to FSH by making more estrogen. This causes the follicle cells to become even more sensitized to FSH, resulting in even greater estrogen production...and so on. Postive feedback because increase in estrogen causes further increase in estrogen.

Front 38

Give an example of negative feedback in the menstrual system.

Back 38

FSH causes an increase in estrogen; estrogen causes LH to peak which results in ovulation and the production of the corpus luteum; the corpus luteum creates progesterone, which inhibits FSH and LH. So FSH was rising but set into motion steps which will cause it to decrease again. It is therefore an example of negative feedback.

Front 39

Describe the hormone levels in the menstrual cycle, illustrating the relationship between changes in hormone levels and ovulation, menstruation, and the thickening of the endometrium.

Back 39

1)FSH is secreted by the pituitary. 2) FSH causes a) follicle development b) estrogen secretion by the cells of the follicle. Therefore, estrogen levels rise 3) Estrogen make the follicle cells produce more FSH receptors. Therefore, they respond more strongly to FSH. This is an example of positive feedback. The follicles continue to grow and produce more estrogen, resulting in more FSH receptors, resulting in more follicular growth, resulting in more estrogen…4) Higher levels of estrogen stimulate the repair if the endometrium (unterine lining)5) Estrogen levels peak (highest concentration), causing LH to be secreted by the anterior pituitary (see book—estrogen causes the hypothalamus to release GnRH, which in turn tells the pituitary to release LH) 6) LH rapidly rises to a peak. 7) When LH reaches its peak it causes ovulation 8) LH causes the follicle cells to release less estrogen (negative feedback) and more progesterone. LH also causes the follicle cells left in the ovary after ovulation to