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162 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Plagal Cadence
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IV-I
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Imperfect Cadence
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x-V
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Interupted Cadence
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V-VI
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Perfect Cadence
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V-I
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Polychordal
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2 or more choirs singing
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Antiphony
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2 or more alternating Groups like Question and Answer
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Whole Consort
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Group of Renaissance instruments playing together fromt he same family
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Broken Consort
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Group of Renaissance instruments playing together from different families
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Polyphonic
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Different Layers
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Polyrhythmic
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Different rhythms at same time (world/20th centure)
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Imitation
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parts imitating each other, copying
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Canonic
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Like a canon, very strict, no variation
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Simple Time
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Beat is divided into 2
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Compound Time
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Beat is divided into 3 (beat is a dotted quarter note)
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Suspension
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held note from previous chord to provide dissonance
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Hemiola
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written in one time signature but sounds like another
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Concerto
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soloist & orchestra
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Sequence
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same pattern of notes moving up or down
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stretto
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very close imitation (one starts before other finishes)
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Augmented Chord
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all M3rds
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Diminished chord
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all m3rds
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Syncopated
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Off Beat rhythm
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Fugure
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Contrapuntal composition based on imitation with four voices
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Appoggiatura
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Dissonant note that is one note above or below the consonant note in a chord (ends of phrases)
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counter-point
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texture in which two voices go in two different directions fostering dissonance, but with the same rhythm, begining, and ending
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Atonal Music
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Based on a chromatic scale
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Antiphony
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Two groups physically seperated
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Hetraphonic
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World Music
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Features of Counterpoint
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many sounds; same melody occuring many times; different things fitting together @ same time; interweaving
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Definition of a Fugue
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Contrapuntal composition based on imitation with 4 voices
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Exposition of a Fugue
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*1st voice subject in I
*2nd voice with answer in V (real or tonal dominant) *3rd voice subject *4th voice answer ***All voices are equally important |
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Codetta in Fugue
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extra material added to exposition between subject & answer
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Countersubject in Fugue
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answer enters & 1st voice continues against answer
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Stretto as Device
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Crowding together of entries features energy, climax, urgency
(used at the end) |
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Inversion as Device
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Theme is turned upside down
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Augmentation/Diminuition as Devices
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theme is heard in longer/shorter notes (often double/half)
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Pedal as Device
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long sustained Tonic or Dominant, usually lowest & often ends in the Cadence
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Episodes in a Fugue
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Passages of Free composition similar to exposition
*does not contain subject *divided by random entries of subj/answer in many keys |
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Fughetta
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Short fugue without exposition
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Fugato, Fugal
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Imitative style of fugue but not exact
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Djemba
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African untuned drum with buffalo skin
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Marimba
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African Wooden xylophone-type instrument
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Mbira
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African vibrating "fun" piano-like?
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Cross Rhythm
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2 Rhythms playing against each other
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Cantabile
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In a singing style; song-like
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Syncopated
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Off Beat rhythm
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Classical Period (Dates)
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1750-1820
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Classical Style is characterized by ______ & ________ _ ____
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Balance & Clarity of structure
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Ostinato
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A short melodic, rhythmic, or harmonic pattern that is repeated
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Conjunct
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Smooth, connected melody that moves principally by small intervals.
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Allemande
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German dance in moderate duple time, popular during the Renaissance and Baroque periods; often the first movement of a Baroque suite.
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atonality
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Total abandonment of tonality (centering in a key). Atonal music moves from one level of dissonance to another, without areas of relaxation.
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Disjunct
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Disjointed or disconnected melody with many leaps.
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binary form
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Two-part (A-B) form
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bourrée
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Lively French Baroque dance type in duple meter.
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Cadenza
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Virtuosic solo passage in the manner of an improvisation, performed near the end of an aria or a movement of a concerto.
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Cantata
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Vocal genre for solo singers, chorus and instrumentalists based on a lyric or dramatic poetic narrative. It generally consists of several movements including recitatives, arias and ensemble numbers.
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Coda
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The last part of a piece, usually added to a standard form to bring it to a close.
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Codetta in Sonata
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In sonata form, the concluding section of the exposition. Also a brief coda concluding an inner section of a work.
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Concert Overture
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Single-movement concert piece for orchestra, typically from the Romantic period and often based on a literary program.
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Concerto
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Instrumental genre in several movements for solo instrument (or instrumental group) and orchestra.
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Courante
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French Baroque dance, a standard movement of the suite, in triple meter at a moderate tempo.
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Developement
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Structural reshaping of thematic material. Second section of sonata-allegro form; it moves through a series of foreign keys while themes from the exposition are manipulated.
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Divertimento
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Classical instrumental genre for chamber ensemble or soloist, often performed as light entertainment.
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Double-stopping
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Playing two notes simultaneously on a string instrument.
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Erhu
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Bowed, two-string fiddle from China, with its bow hairs fixed between the strings; rests on the leg while playing.
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Yueqin
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Chinese Moon Guitar (looks like a banjo)
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Pipa
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Chinese Lute
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Xiao, Dizi
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Chinese Flutes
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Jinghu, Banhu
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Chinese First Fiddle, wooden fiddle
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dagu
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Chinese Large Drum
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Ban
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Chinese Hand clappers
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Xiaolo, dalo, bo
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Chinese small gong, large gong, cymbals
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Aleatoric Form
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music in which some element of the composition is left to chance or some primary element of a composed work's realization is left to the determination of its performer(1950s)
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French Overture
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Baroque instrumental introduction to an opera, ballet or suite, in two sections: a slow opening followed by an allegro, often with a brief return to the opening.
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Galliard
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Lively, triple-meter French court dance.
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Gavotte
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Duple meter Baroque dance type of a pastoral character
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Gigue
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Popular English Baroque dance type, a standard movement of the Baroque suite, in a lively compound meter.
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Glissando
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Rapid slide through pitches of a scale.
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Wen & Wu
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Wen- civil sections (singing, string & wind instruments)
Wu- Battle sections (percussion instruments) |
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2 characteristics of Chinese music
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heterophonic, improvisation
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Rhythm in Chinese music
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4/4, no notation
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Slendro Scale
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5 Notes
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Pelog Scale
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7 notes scale
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Balungan
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Core melody in Gamelan
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Balinese Gamelan
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Faster, celebratory, tourism, puppets
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Javanese Gamelan
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Slower, Religious
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Gamelan Form
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Repetitive, Cyclic
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Saron Demung, Barung, Penerus
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Main instrument lowest, middle, and highest pitch (peking)
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Interlocking Melody
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Sharing Melody
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Kempul
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Hanging Gongs
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Bonang
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2 rows of brass bowls
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Slenthem
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Wooden xylaphone-like
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Italian Overture
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Baroque overture consisting of three sections: fast - slow - fast.
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Kenong
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3 sides of bowls
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Kenthuk
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2 bowls, punctuating
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Gongs
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Siwuk, gong ageng
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Kendhang
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drum
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Jia Hua
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Literally "adding flowers"; an embellishment style in Chinese music using various ornamental figures.
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Rigatto
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Relaxed Rhythm
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Order of Sharps
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FCGDAEB
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Chorale Prelude
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Baroque- based on chorale melody w/variations
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Instrumental Baroque Forms
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Conzona, ricercar, toccata, fantasia, variations (chaconne & passacaglia)
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Madrigal
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Renaissance secular work originating in Italy for voices, with or without instruments, set to a short, lyric love poem; also popular in England.
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Mbube
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a cappella choral singing style of South African Zulus, featuring call and response patterns, close-knit harmonies and syncopation.
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Modal
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Characterizes music that is based on modes other than major and minor, especially the early church modes.
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Monody
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Vocal style established in the Baroque, with a solo singer and instrumental accompaniment.
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Neumatic
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Melodic style with two to four notes set to each syllable.
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Overture
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An introductory movement, as in an opera or oratorio, often presenting melodies from arias to come. Also an orchestral work for concert performance.
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Passacaglia
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Baroque form (similar to the chaconne) in moderately slow triple meter, based on a short, repeated base-line melody that serves as the basis for continuous variation in the other voices.
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Pavane
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Stately Renaissance court dance in duple meter.
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Polonaise
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Stately Polish processional dance in triple meter.
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Recapitulation
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Third section of sonata-allegro form, in which the thematic material of the exposition is restated, generally in the tonic. Also restatement.
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Recitative
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Solo vocal declamation that follows the inflections of the text, often resulting in a disjunct vocal style; found in opera, cantata, and oratorio.
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Ritornello
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short recurring passage that unifies an instrumental or vocal work.
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Rondeau
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Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type with courtly love texts.
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Rubato
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"Borrowed time", common in Romantic music, in which the performer hesitates here or hurries forward there, imparting flexibility to the written note values. Also tempo rubato.
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Saltarello
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Italian "jumping dance", often characterized by triplets in a rapid 4/4 time.
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Sequence
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Restatement of an idea or motive at a different pitch level.
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Serenade
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Classical instrumental genre that combines elements of chamber music and symphony, often performed in the evening or at social functions. Related to divertimento and cassation.
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Sonata da camer
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Baroque chamber sonata, usually a suite of stylized dances. Also chamber sonata.
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Sonata da Chiesa
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Baroque instrumental work intended for performance in church; in four movements, frequently arranged slow-fast-slow-fast. Also church sonata.
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Sonata Form
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The opening movement of the sonata cycle, consisting of themes that are stated in the first section (exposition), developed in the second section (development), and restated in the third section (recapitulation). Also sonata form or first-movement form.
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Stileconcitato
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Baroque style developed by Monteverdi, which introduced novel effects such as rapid repeated notes as symbols of passion.
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Stile Rapppresentativo
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A dramatic recitative style of the Baroque period in which melodies move freely over a foundation of simple chords.
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Suite
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Multimovement work made up of a series of contrasting dance movements, generally all in the same key. Also partita and ordre.
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Ternary Form
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Three-part (A-B-A) form based on a statement (A), contrast or departure (B), and repetition (A). Also three-part form.
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Terraced Dynamics
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Expressive style typical of Baroque music in which volume levels shift based on the playing forces used.
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Tertian Harmony
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armony based on the interval of the third, particularly predominant from the Baroque through the nineteenth century.
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Toccata
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Virtuoso composition, generally for organ or harpsichord, in a free and rhapsodic style; in the Baroque, it often served as the introduction to a fugue.
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Tremolo
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Rapid repetition of a tone; can be achieved instrumentally or vocally.
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Trio Sonata
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Baroque chamber sonata type written in three parts: two melody lines and the basso continuo; requires a total of four players to perform.
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Virelai
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Medieval and Renaissance fixed poetic form and chanson type with French courtly texts.
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Baroque Instrumental Suite: 5 Parts
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1. Allemande 2. Courante 3. Sarabande 4. Gigue
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Concerto Grosso Baroque
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2 contrasting groups of instruments* smalle soloists & strings (Ripieno/tutti) & continuo
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Solo Concerto Baroque
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instrumental solo v. orchestra
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Renaissance bas & haut instruments
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bas- low for home, haut- loud for halls, churches
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Crumhorn
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wooden, double reed
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Whole Consort
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instruments from same family
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Broken Consort
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Instruments from different families
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Classical Style: Timbre
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Variety & contrast of mood (more expressive)
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Classical Style: Rhythm
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Flexibility of rhythm (pauses, syncopations, changes)
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Classical Style: Texture
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homophonic
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Classical Style: Melody
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Balanced & symmetrical. Tuneful & song-like
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Classical Style: Dymanics
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crescendo, decresendo & in between
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Classical Style: Instrumentation
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Larger orchestra, exploited individual tone colors of orchestral instruments
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Form: Classical Symphony
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1. Fast movement 2. Slow 3. Dance-like 4. Fast *Contrasting
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Dramatic Soprano
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Full powered, passionate, and intense
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Coloratura Soprano
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very high, agile soprano- can sing rapid scales and trills
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Singspiel
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Comic opera with spoken Dialogue
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Opera Seria
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Serious Opera
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Opera Buffa
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comic opera
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Brilliant Style
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Classical Style with sequential passages of fast figuration for a virtuoso or emotional effect
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Learned Style
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Contrapuntal writing in Classical Period
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French Overture Style
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Classical Period Slow, stately, dotted rhythms, ceremonial
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Singing style
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lyrical music, like arias for instruments
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Thematic Material
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Classical: built around a musical theme, *gestures, calls to attention
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Manknheim Rocket
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Rising Arpessio or scale motif (shows virtuosity) Classical Period
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Trommelbasse
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Use of repeated notes, pedal notes, establish & reiterate key in tonic or dominant (Trommelbasse)
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Alberti Bass
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broken chord accompaniment
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Classical Conce3rto
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1. Fast 2. Slow 3. Fast
- begins: 2 expositions, first orchestra (several themes in home key) |
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Divertimento & Serenade
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Light works for informal occasions (humorous, outdoors)
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