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17 Cards in this Set

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As President, he oversaw the cease-fire of the Korean War, kept up the pressure on the Soviet Union during the Cold War, and made nuclear weapons a higher defense priority.
Dwight Eisenhower
A strategy in which a state commits itself to to retaliate with disproportionate force in the event of an attack.
Massive Retaliation
He served as First Secretary of the Communist Party following the death of Joseph Stalin. He was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the USSR.
Nikita Khrushchev
A report to the 20th Party Congress by Nikita Khrushchev, in which he criticized actions taken by the regime of Joseph Stalin while maintaining support for the ideals of communism.
Secret Speech
A spontaneous nationwide revolt against the Stalinist government of Hungary. It started as a student demonstration ans was fired upon when it tried to enter the radio building to broadcast its demands.
Hungarian Revolution of 1956
The world's first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite. Launched by the USSR in a modified ICBM.
Sputnik I
Provoked by an ultimatum issued by the Soviet Union demanding the withdrawal of allied forces from West Berlin. It caused the building of the Berlin Wall, and de facto partition of Berlin.
Berlin Crisis
An impromptu debate between vice president Nixon and Khrushchev. It took place in the kitchen of a suburban model house during the American National Exhibition in Moscow.
Kitchen Debate
A high-altitude spy plane was shot down over the soviet union. Kennedy tried to deny responsibility, but the Soviets had recovered the plane and pilot.
U-2 Crisis
An unsuccessful attempt by a U.S.-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade south-west Cuba and overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.
Bay of Pigs Invasion
This summit conference was where Kennedy and Khrushchev met for the first time. Khrushchev was determined to prove his superiority over the young Kennedy.
Vienna Summit
A physical barrier separating West Berlin from East Germany, including East Berlin. The longer inner German border demarcated the border between East and West Germany.
Berlin Wall
A doctrine of military strategy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two opposing sides would effectively result in the destruction of both the attacker and the defender.
Mutually Assured Destruction
He was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (and thus political leader of the USSR) from 1964 to 1982, serving in that position longer than anyone other than Joseph Stalin.
Leonid Brezhnev
a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring).
Alexander Dubček
A period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia. It began on January 5, 1968, when Dubček came to power, and continued until August 21, when the Soviet Union invaded the country to halt the reforms.
Prague Spring
This policy meant that limited independence of communist parties was allowed, but no country would be allowed to leave the Warsaw Pact, disturb a nation's communist party's monopoly on power, or in any way compromise the strength of the Eastern bloc.
Brezhnev Doctrine