Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Treaty of Vienna
1815 |
"Congress of Vienna"- Was designed to prevent any further wars with Great Powers of Europe. To create a "balance of power."
|
|
|
Crimean War
1854-1856 |
Russia pursued a warm sea port from the falling Ottoman Empire. Worried this would upset the balance of power, Britain/France declared war on Russia.
|
|
|
Prussian War with Denmark
1863 |
Prussia wanted to calm things down in German speaking provinces. Prussia held Schleswig, Austria held Holstein.
|
|
|
Prussian War with Austria
1864 |
Prussia took control of Austrian controled area [Holstein]. Austria declared war, attacked and was destroyed by Prussian Army.
|
|
|
Prussian War with France
1870 |
Began with a dispute over a vacant throne in Spain. Bismarck intercepted and 'edited' a telegram ("Ems Telegram") that offended the French King. France declares war.
|
|
|
Results of the War with France/Prussia 1870
|
1. German Unification 2. France was weakened 3. Military wanted coal: took Alsace-Lorraine-->French resentment 4. Europe growing fear of Germany.
|
|
|
Congress of Berlin
1878 |
Russia invaded Turkey for Straits(Dardenalles). [5 Great Powers and Turkey, Italy meet] Agreements: 1. Russia pulls out of Straits 2. Bulgaria lessened to Rumelia 3. GB controls Cyprus
|
|
|
Consequences of the Congress of Berlin (1878)
|
1. Russia humiliated 2. Created resentment from Russia to Germany (b/c Congress was in Berlin) 3. Bismarck surrounded by revanchism (Fr./Rus.)
|
|
|
Fashoda
1898 |
France occupied Fashoda, Britain claimed it as British territory and ordered the French to evacuate. Eventually (1898) the French evacuated and renounced all claims on Fashoda.
|
|
|
Adowa
1898 |
Italy invaded Etheopia and was defeated at Adowa. This was hugely embarrassing to Italy.
|
|
|
1st Moroccan Crisis
1905 |
Kaiser Wilhelm in Tangier tells Sultan he'll help. Creates trading agreements. Puts pressure on France. Germany wanted to test Entente (Br/Fr), didn't think it'd work.
|
|
|
2nd Moroccan Crisis
1911 |
Rebellion inside Morocco, Sultan wanted help and asked France. Germany offers gun-boat(Panther) that is off of near by Agadir. Britain thinks Germany wants to take Morocco (for a port), tells Germany to stay out of it.
|
|
|
World War I
1914-1918 |
Key Points: 1. 'total' war 2. warefare changed 3. maps of europe changed completely 4. balance of powers altered 5. 4 dynasties gone forever 6. rise of the United States 7. rise of comunism 8. Paris Peace Treaties. Stages: 1. initial fluidity (1914) 2. Stalemate (1915-1917) 3. 1917--USA enters, Russia pulls out due to revolution. 4. End of War (1918)
|
|
|
Who was included in the Dual Alliance(1879)?
|
Germany and Austria
|
|
|
Who was included in the Triple Alliance(1882)?
|
Germany, Austria, and Italy
|
|
|
Who was included in the Entente Cordiale (1904)?
|
Great Britain and France
|
|
|
Who was included in the Triple Entente(1907)?
|
Great Britain, France, and Russia
|
|
|
Who was involved in the naval race of 1898?
|
Germany against Britain.
|
|
|
Boer War
1899-1902 |
The Boer War was fought between Great Britain and the two Afrikaner (Boer) republics: Transvaal and Orange Free State.It was finally concluded with the Treaty of Vereeniging in May 1902.
|
|
|
1st Balkan War
1912 |
Russian Guidance Balkan League(Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Macedonia) drove out the Turks from Europe. [League against the Turks]
|
|
|
2nd Balkan War
1913 |
Serbia and Greece wanted more of Macedonia, and so did Bulgaria. They fought over it and Serbia/Greece won. [war within the Balkans, many died]
|
|
|
List 9 possible causes of WWI
|
1. Alliances 2. Nationalism 3. Arms Race 4. Militarism 5. Economic Rivalary 6. Past tensions 7. inevitable 8. Great Power Diplomacy (Germany's fault) 9. International Problems (Balkans)
|
|
|
Paris Peace Conference
1919-1920 |
The Paris Peace Conference took place in 1919 and involved diplomats from more than 30 countries. They met in an attempt to form a lasting peace throughout the world. The conference took place in Paris and Versailles, soon after the end of World War I. It included: Treaty of Versailles1919, Treaty of Saint-Germain, Treaty of Neuilly, Treaty of Trianon, Treaty of Sèvres, and the Treaty of Lausanne.
|
|
|
Treaty of Versailles (German Empire)
|
The Treaty of Versailles was one of the peace treaties at the end of World War I. It ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919. Although the armistice signed on 11 November 1918 ended the actual fighting, it took six months of negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference to conclude the peace treaty. It required Germany and its allies to accept responsibility for causing the war and, and had to disarm, make substantial territorial concessions and pay reparations to certain countries that had formed the Entente powers.
|
|
|
Treaty of Saint-Germain (Austria)
|
The treaty declared that the Austro-Hungarian Empire was to be dissolved. The new Republic of Austria, consisting of most of the German-speaking Alpine part of the former Austrian Empire, recognized the independence of Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs. The treaty included 'war reparations' of large sums of money, directed towards the allies, to pay for the costs of the war.
|
|
|
Treaty of Neuilly
|
The Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine, dealing with Bulgaria for its role as one of the Central Powers in World War I.
|
|
|
Treaty of Trianon
1920 |
It established the borders of Hungary and regulated its international situation. Hungary lost over two-thirds of its territory.
|
|
|
Treaty of Sèvres
1920 |
The Treaty of Peace Between the Allied and Associated Powers and Turkey.
|
|
|
Who are the Big Four?
|
Consisting of:
-Britain (Lloyd George) -France (Georges Clemenceau) -United States (Woodrow Wilso) -Italy (Vittorio Emanuele Orlando). |
|
|
Great Britain's Prime Minister during and post WWI
|
Lloyd George
|
|
|
President of the United States of America during and post WWI
|
Woodrow Wilson
|
|
|
France's Prime Minister during and post WWI
|
Georges Clemenceau
|
|
|
Italy's Prime Minister during and post WWI
|
Vittorio Orlando
|
|
|
Otto Von Bismarck
|
1st Chancellor of the German Empire
In office: 21 March 1871 – 20 March 1890 -Monarch Wilhelm I (1871-1888) -Frederick III (1888) -Wilhelm II (1888-1890) |
|
|
Operation Michael
1918 |
The German advance stalled largely through very heavy casualties, an inability to maintain supply lines and the arrival of Entente reserves.This marked the beginning of the end of the First World War. The arrival in France of large reinforcements from the USA replaced material and men lost by the Entente but the German army was unable to recover from its losses before these reinforcements deployed. It failed.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Italy
|
Avoided war for the most part then joined the Allies in 1915 for the (secret) Treaty of London promising Italy land if Allies won the war.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Turkey
|
Wanted to remove Britain from their lands and regain control over the Balkans(certain peoples). Also, to maintain credibility in the Middle East/N. Africa. Hated Russia, happy to join Germany.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Russia
|
Wanted to assist the Slavs (Serbs), to be seen as a 'Great Power' especially after war with Japan and lost in 1904-05 and loss of Bosnia in 1908. Also, to distract from failing economy/social unrest.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: France
|
Wanted Alsace/Lorraine back (lost in 1870 to Germany), honored it's alliance with Russia. Wanted to preserve colonies, possibley gain more. Fighting to survive, get Britain on their side (Anglo-French naval agreement 1912)
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Great Britain
|
Uphold Belgium independence (Germany entered Belg.), defeat the rising German Navy, protect it's empire/trading, restore balance of power, war was seen as glorious.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Austria-Hungary
|
Wanted to put Serbia in it's place, maintain leadership in Balkans, re-establish Great Power status, get Germany firmly behind them, limit Russian influence and keep it's empire.
|
|
|
Aims for Entering WWI: Germany
|
Establish 'Great Power' status(as dominant European leader), help Austria-Hungary(only true ally) with South/eastern border. Weaken surrounding countries, especially Russia, Germany feared everyone surrounding it--thought it was getting weaker [while everyone around Germany feared Germany and it's strength]. Encouraged Austria-Hungary to start a war through the "Blank Check". Wanted to overcome British Navy.
|
|
|
Russian Revolution
1917 |
The Russian Revolution of 1917 refers to a series of popular revolutions in Russia, and the events surrounding them. These revolutions had the effect of completely changing the nature of society within the Russian Empire and transforming the Russian state, which ultimately led to the replacement of the old Czarist autocracy with the Soviet Union.
|
|
|
Mussolini
|
Became Prime Minister in 1922 and Dictator in 1926. Mussolini was among the founders of Italian fascism, which included elements of nationalism, corporatism, national syndicalism, expansionism, social progress and anti-communism in combination with censorship of subversives and state propaganda. In the years following his creation of the fascist ideology, Mussolini influenced, or achieved admiration from, a wide variety of political figures.
|
|
|
March on Rome
1922 |
The march itself was composed of fewer than 30,000 men, but the king in part feared a civil war since the squadristi had already taken control of the Po plain and most of the country, while Fascism was no longer seen as a threat to the establishment. Mussolini was asked to form his cabinet on October 29, 1922, while some 25,000 Blackshirts were parading in Rome. Mussolini thus legally reached power
|
