Ib, Ch3

Front 1

cross-cultural literacy

Back 1

understanding how the culture o a country affects the way business is practiced

Front 2

values

Back 2

abstract ideas about what asociety believes to be good, right, and desirable

Front 3

norms

Back 3

social rules and guidelines that prescribed appropriate behavior in particular situations

Front 4

society

Back 4

group of people who share a common set of values and norms

Front 5

folkways

Back 5

routine conventions of everyday life

Front 6

mores

Back 6

norms seen as central to the functioing of a society and to its social life

Front 7

group

Back 7

an association of two or more individuals who have a shared sense of indentity and who interact with each other in structured ways on the basis of a common set of expectations about each other's behavior

Front 8

social strata

Back 8

hierarchical social categories often based on family background, occupation, and income

Front 9

social mobility

Back 9

the extent to which individuals can move out of the social strat a into which they are born

Front 10

caste system

Back 10

a system of social stratification in which social position is determined by the family into which a person is born, and change in that position is usually not possible during an individual's lifetime

Front 11

class system

Back 11

a system of social stratification in which social status is determined by the family into which a person is born and by subsequent sociaeconomic achievements. mobility between classes is possible

Front 12

class consciousness

Back 12

a tendency for individuals to perceive themselves in terms of their class background

Front 13

religion

Back 13

a system of shared beliefs and rituals concerned with the realm of the sacred

Front 14

ethical sytems

Back 14

cultural beliefs about what is proper behavior and conduct

Front 15

power distance

Back 15

theory of how a society deals with the fact that people are unequal in physical and intellectual capabilities. high power distance cultures are found in countries that let inequailties grow over time into inequalities of power and wealth. low power distance cultures are found in societies that try to play down such inequalities as much as possible

Front 16

individualism versus collectivism

Back 16

theory focusing on the relationship between the individuals and his or her fellows. in individualistic societies, the ties between indiviudals are loose and indivudal achievement is highly valued. in societies where collectivisim is emphasized, ties between indiviuals are tight, people are born into collectives, such as extended families, and everyone is supposed to look after the interests of his or her collectives

Front 17

uncertainty avoidance

Back 17

extend to which cultures socialize members to accept ambiguous situations and to tolerate uncertainty

Front 18

masculinity versus femininity

Back 18

theory of the rlationship between gender and work roles. in mascultine cultures, sex roles are sharply differentiated and traditional masculines values such as achievemetn and the effective exercise of power determine cultural ideals. in feminine cultures, sex roles are less sharply distinguished, and little differentiation is made between men and women in the same job

Front 19

confucian dynamism

Back 19

theory that confucian teachings affect attitudes toward time, persistence, ordering by status, protection of face, respect for tradition, and reciprocation of gifts and favors