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111 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a Reform Movement?
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a movement intended to bring about social and humanitarian reforms
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What was Teddy Roosevelt's political party and years in office?
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Progressive Republican, in office 1901-1909
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What did the new "progressives" in the 20th Century do?
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Wage war on the societal evils, like: monopolies, corruption, inefficiency, and social injustice.
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What were the Progressives 2 goals?
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To use state power to control the trusts, and to stem the socialist threat by generally improving the common person's condition of life and labor.
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What was President Teddy Roosevelt's Act that: needed control of the corporations, gave consumer protections, and conserved natural resources?
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Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal for Labor
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What did Teddy Roosevelt's Square Deal for Labor involve?
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control of the corporations, consumer protection, and the conservation of natural resources
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Why, in the 20th Century, did foreign government threaten to ban all American meat imports? What did the trigger?
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Botulism was found in American meat exports, and President Teddy Roosevelt passed the Meat Inspection of 1906 in response.
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What act stated that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection? Which president passed this Act?
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The Meat Inspection of 1906 by Teddy Roosevelt
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What is the Good Neighbor Policy?
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Foreign policy of Teddy R. administration toward Latin American countries
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What was the Lend Lease Law?
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Supplied Allies with weapons during WW2
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What was The Pure Food and Drug Administration Act of 1906?
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designed to prevent the adulterism and mislabeling of foods and pharmaceuticals
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What was the Desert Land Act of 1887?
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Federal government sold dry land cheaply on the condition that the purchasers would irrigate the soil within 3 years
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What is Jingoism?
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Extreme patriotism in aggressive foreign policy
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What is Guantanamo Bay?
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A naval base in 1898 during the Spanish-American War
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What is Imperialism?
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a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force
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What is "Yellow Journalism"?
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A way to stretch the truth to sell more newspapers, and influenced the US to get involved in Spanish-American War
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What was The Maine that exploded?
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A ship in Havana Harbor sent by Americans to watch over Cubans. Its explosion, and with the help of Yellow Journalism, helped US into Spanish-American War
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What is the Teller Amendment?
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An amendment that says the US could tell Cuba when it is free
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What was the Spanish-American War?
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conflict in 1898 between Spain and the United States, effectively the result of American intervention in the ongoing Cuban War of Independence.
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Who was the Assistant Secretary of Navy Theodore Roosevelt?
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Led by Rough Riders
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Who was Queen Lilokalani?
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The Queen of Hawaii and was placed under house arrest... Kingdom was taken from her.
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What was the annexation of Hawaii?
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Adding Hawaii to US
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Who were the Rough Riders?
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calvary unit that had to go on foot under Teddy R's command to go up San Juan Hill to help Cuban Independence movement
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What was the Treaty of Paris 1898?
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Treaty that ended Spanish-American War
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What happened to Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico due to the Treaty of Paris?
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Became coaling places before naval bases for the US
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What was the Platt Amendment?
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To release the naval base in Guantanamo Bay
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What was the Big Stick Policy?
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Meant Teddy R was a tough president who would back up his word
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How was the Panama Canal acquired?
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Bought for a lot of money, and to help Panama gain independence
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Who was Taft?
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a "bad" president that got stuck in his own bathtub and failed at some politics. He was good at taking down monopolies
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What is the FDA?
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Federal Food and Drug Administration that judges food/drugs, if they're lying, and the policies regarding food and drugs
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What did "The Jungle" do?
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Book that started controversy over the safety of America's food. Sparked the need for FDA, and helped the Meat Inspection Act
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What is an Alliance? (For example, an alliance of nations)
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An Alliance is where members promise/vow to support one another against attack.
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Which nations formed the alliance known as the Central Powers?
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The Central Powers were Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey.
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Which nations formed the alliance known as the Allies?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
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What were some of the new weapons used in WW1?
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New weapons used in WW1 were machine guns, gas, zeppelins, tanks, planes, and torpedoes.
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What country did Austria-Hungary invade before 1914?
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Bosnia
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What country was afraid to be invaded by Austria-Hungary next, after invasion of Bosnia before 1914?
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Serbia
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Who was shot and killed in 1914, sparking WW1?
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Archduke Ferdinand
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Who shot the archduke in 1914?
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Princip
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What was the purpose of trenches in WW1?
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Provided both an offensive and defensive means of concealment
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Who was the prime minister of Great Britain during WW1?
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Herbert Henry Asquith
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Who was the president of France during WW1?
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Raymond Poincare
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Who was the emperor of Russia during WW1?
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Czar Nicholas II
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Who was the president of US during WW1?
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Woodrow Wilson
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Who was the emperor of Austria-Hungary during WW1?
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Franz Joseph
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Who was Lenin?
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An exiled politico of Russia, who, with the help of Germany, overthrew the Czar and created communistic Russia.
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The US entered the war in 1917 due to what two major incidents?
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The Zimmerman Note: an offer from Germany to Mexico that Mexico attacks US and gets territory back. The sinking of the Lusitania: The US had been smuggling arms to Britain and the boat was sunk by German submarine.
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What is the Treaty of Versailles?
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Treaty imposed on Germany by Allied powers in 1920 after the end of WW1 which demanded exorbitant reparations, money from Germany, and land.
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What idealism in the US helped push the US into WW1?
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That the US has a moral responsibility to police the world.
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Who was the president of the US before and during WW1?
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Woodrow Wilson
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How many nations were involved in WW1?
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30 nations
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How many were killed in WW1?
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15 million
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80% of soldiers in WW1 died of what...?
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DES - Disease, exposure, starvation
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What was the total cost of WW1?
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$350 billion
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Why did the US take so long to get involved in WW1?
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The American people did not want to be involved in the war. At first, the US claimed neutrality.
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Nationalism?
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ethnic groups that spoke the same languages and banded together. A desire to be free from foreign control, stronger than just a sense of patriotism.
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Imperialism
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adding colonies and territory through conquest for the control of raw materials in world markets.
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Alliances
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The members of each alliance vowed to support one another against attack.
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During WW1, what countries were the Triple Entente?
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allies France, Great Britain, Russia had signed treaties with each other beginning in the early 1900’s
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During WW1, what countries were the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.
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During WW1, what countries were the Central Powers?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey
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Militarism
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the desire to keep its armed forces stronger than those of any potential enemy.
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What egged on WW1?
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MANIA - Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination
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What was The Spark for WW1?
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At the time of WW1 the world was a powder keg just waiting for a match. That match was lit in the town of Sarajevo in Bosnia. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated.
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When did The Spark occur? Who did it?
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Archduke Ferdinand and wife assassinated June 28, 1914. Princip did it.
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What were the loans US gave to the Allies in WW1?
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In total, the US lent the Allies over $10 billion. Great Britain owed the US over $4.2 billion by the end of the war.
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What was the British Blockade in WW1?
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in an attempt to win the war of attrition that was WW1, Great Britain utilized its sizable navy to blockade all trade going in and out of Germany. Germany responded with its U-boats, eventually going on the offensive in 1917 by itself blockading Britain at the cost of American involvement.
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What was the Lusitania, Arabic pledge, and Sussex pledge?
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In 1915, the British Lusitania was sunk bringing protests from Wilson. In 1916, Germans sunk the Sussex and made the Sussex pledge to promise stoppage of attacks.
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During WW1, what countries were the Triple Entente?
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allies France, Great Britain, Russia had signed treaties with each other beginning in the early 1900’s
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During WW1, what countries were the Triple Alliance?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy.
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During WW1, what countries were the Central Powers?
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Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey
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Militarism
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the desire to keep its armed forces stronger than those of any potential enemy.
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What egged on WW1?
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MANIA - Militarism, Alliances, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination
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What was The Spark for WW1?
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At the time of WW1 the world was a powder keg just waiting for a match. That match was lit in the town of Sarajevo in Bosnia. Archduke Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated.
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When did The Spark occur? Who did it?
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Archduke Ferdinand and wife assassinated June 28, 1914. Princip did it.
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What were the loans US gave to the Allies in WW1?
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In total, the US lent the Allies over $10 billion. Great Britain owed the US over $4.2 billion by the end of the war.
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What was the British Blockade in WW1?
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in an attempt to win the war of attrition that was WW1, Great Britain utilized its sizable navy to blockade all trade going in and out of Germany. Germany responded with its U-boats, eventually going on the offensive in 1917 by itself blockading Britain at the cost of American involvement.
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What was the Lusitania, Arabic pledge, and Sussex pledge?
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In 1915, the British Lusitania was sunk bringing protests from Wilson. In 1916, Germans sunk the Sussex and made the Sussex pledge to promise stoppage of attacks.
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What was the Lusitania, Arabic pledge, and Sussex pledge?
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On January 31, 1917, Germany announced it would resume unrestricted submarine warfare, a repudiation of the Sussex pledge, and sink all ships without warning whatsoever.
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What were the 14 Points?
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A speech delivered by President Wilson hoping to end the war peacefully. It provided a framework for peace discussions: a proposal to abolish secret treaties, freedom of the seas, removal of economic barriers among nations, reductions of armament burdens, adjustment of colonial claims, and a League of Nations. Delivered in 1918 to Congress, Wilson's idea was shot down, although League of Nations was created.
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League of Nations
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an international organization that Wilson dreamed would provide a system of collective physical and economical security
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Which president supported women suffrage, and was in turn supported by National American Women Suffrage Association?
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President Wilson
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In 1920, what amendment passed, giving all American women the right to vote?
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19th Amendment
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Who was Herbert C. Hoover?
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Past president who led the Food Administration. Hoover rejected issuing ration cards to save food for export
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What happened at the Paris conference involving the Big Four in 1919?
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Diplomats agreed to make the League Covenant
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Who were the Big Four in the 1910-1920's?
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President Wilson of USA, Premier Vittorio Orlando of Italy, Prime Minister David Lloyd, George of Britain, and Premier Georges Clemenceau of France
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In negotiating Versaille Treaty, what did France get for dropping demands for Rhineland, and later helped lead into WW2?
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The Security Treaty, in which both Britain and America pledged to support them if something happened again
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What state did the Versaille Treaty leave Germany in?
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With many economic, social and political problems. While dealing with high inflation and a large national debt due to the Versaille Treaty, they were angered by its harsh terms
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The Treaty of Versailles called for what on Germany's part?
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German disarmament and massive reparation payments to the Allies of $33 billion
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What happened because Germany was unable to meet WW1 reparation payments?
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The currency collapsed and German people suffered financial losses
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What did the French and Belgians do in Ruhr?
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Occupied the city with troops, the largest industrialized city in Germany, because of bad reparation payments but by occupying Ruhr, things were only made worse.
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What can farmers suffer from in the economy?
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overproduction, by creating more products than are in demand. Helped lead into Great Depression
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Price Supports
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the support of certain price levels at or above market values, such as by the government purchase of surpluses to sell on foreign markets. President Coolidge vetoed these bills causing farms to fall.
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In 1929, how much of the nations wealth was owned by 2% of the people?
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3/5
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Buying on margin
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to pay only a percentage of the stocks cost and borrow the rest intending to pay it back when the stock sold.
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Problems that threaten economic prosperity -
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Tremendous wealth being created in the 1920s was not evenly distributed.
Half of the population lived below estimated cost of a decent standard of living Three industries that helped build nation did not do well in 20s |
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Railroads in the 1920's
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In 1920s, rates and service were put under you. Control ownership was left in private hands. Gove was unwilling to allow railroads to abandon lines that were losing money. Gov. comp. for consumer and from trucks buses and private cars
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Textiles in the 1920's
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textiles industries began to shift from New England to South where there were fewer labor union and cheaper labor. Foreign competition produced cheaper goods for the world textile market
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Change in women's clothing in 1920's lowered demand for what?
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cloth
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What was Hoover's attitude towards Great Depression? What did he believe about business regardless?
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Let it play out, it will work itself fine. Coupled with the worst drought in recent history in 1930 the cards were stacked against Hoover. Although Hoover believed like his predecessor that government shouldn’t be overly involved he did believe that government SHOULD ASSURE FAIRNESS IN BUSINESS.
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What were four things that led to the Great Depression?
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Tax cuts, higher tariffs, Limited Program of Public Works, no direct relief payment.
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How did tax cuts affect the Great Depression?
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the cuts were not large enough to encourage spending. The rich saved more, but they weren’t in the mood to spend.
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How did higher tariffs affect the Great Depression?
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to discourage foreign trade and help American business.
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How did Limited Program of Public Works affect the Great Depression?
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In December 1930 he started a large program for the construction of public works.
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What were the complaints from the Liberals in the Great Depression about Hoover?
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He didn't go far enough to remake society
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What were the complaints from the Republicans in the Great Depression about Hoover?
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Created a welfare state
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Wall Street Crash
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started business depression home/abroad unprecedented disaster.
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How many banks collapsed in the Great Depression? How many were unemployed?
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5000 banks, 25% unemployment
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What was Hoover's reaction to the large crash?
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"rugged individualism," the public needs to do more for itself. Local governments, nation, people, should take care of themselves.
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Depression Economy
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Hoover actually pioneered New Deal – just didn’t market it properly.
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What was Hoover's attempt at New Deal?
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1. Created public works projects - $2.25 billion – Hoover Dam
2. Reconstruction Finance Corporation – gave loans to needy 3. Fought against anti-union behavior 4. But…didn’t have help from Congress – couldn’t pass a lot 5. Set important precedent that FDR would take further |
