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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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nicotinic effect
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the subset of actions normally produced by endogenous acetylcholine that can also be produced by exogenous nicotine
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muscarinic effect
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the subset of actions normally produced to endogenous acetylcholine that can also be produced by exogenous muscarine, pilocarpine, and arecoline
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adrenergic effect
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the subset of actions normally produced by endogenous norepinephrine that can also be produced by exogenous ephedrine
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myoneural
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innervates skeletal muscle during voluntary movement
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sensory-neural
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innervates sensory nerve endings for touch and pain
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autonomic nervous system
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controls cardiac, smooth muscle, glandular secretion
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agonist
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substance that enhances a receptor
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antagonist
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substance that directly or indirectly blocks a receptor
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endogenous
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molecule produced by human body
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exogenous
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molecule that originates outside the human body
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acetylcholine
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neurotransmitter released from preganglionic nerve fibers of PNS and SNS and post-ganglionic nerve fibers of PNS and non-muscarinic exocrine/sweat glands
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acetylcholinesterase
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enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine
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anticholinesterase
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compounds such as physostigmine that inhibit acetylcholinesterase resulting in an accumulation of acetylcholine in synapse
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cholinergic
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related to effects on nerve cells or fibers that use acetylcholine as their neurotransmitter.
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cholinomimetic
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having action similar to acetylcholine in cholinergic nerve fibers
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parasympathomimetic
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compounds such as mucarine, pilocarpine, arecoline, and physostigmine whose actions have an effect that is similar to the stimulation of the PNS. Similiar to cholinomemtic
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muscarinic effects
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producting effects that resembles postganglionic parasympathetic receptor stimulation
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cholinergic blockers
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compounds that inhibit the action of the parasympathetic and or other cholinergic fibers (atropine and scopolamine)
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sympathomimetic
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compounds (epinephrine, ephedrine or cocaine) whose actions have a physiological effect that is similar to the stimulation of the SNS
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adrenergic
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related to effects on nerve cells or fibers in the ANS that use norepinephrine as their neurotransmitter
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epinephrine
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adrenaline
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norepinephrine
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postganglionic adrenergic neurohormone
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adrenomimeetic
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compounds such as ephedrine and cocaine that have similar effects to epinephrine or norepinephrine
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muscarine (amanita muscaria)
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muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist (enhancer)
Common name: amanita Geography: Siberia, N. America Ethnomedical background: mushroom eaten by Siberian indigenous people as hallucinogen Antedote: 1-2 mg atropine IM every 30 minutes |
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Pilocarpine
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muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist, ganglionic
Isolated from: Pilocarpus jaborandi, P. microphyllus Family: Rutaceae Common name: jaboranddi Geography: Wet forests of tropical americas, west indies Ethnomedical uses: Tupi culture in Brazil chew leaves to induce salivation and sweating |
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areca catechu
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common names: betelnut, betel, areca nuta
Geography: South Asia, Indomalasia, Oceania, originated in Sulawesi Plant part used: seed mixed with leaves of piper betle and shell lime as a masticory Ethnomedical uses: digestive by increasing salivary and intestinal secretions, energizer, antihelminthic (treats intestinal worms) Active compounts: alkaloids (arecoline, nipecotic acid) |
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Physostigmine
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From: physostigma veneosum
common names: calabar, ordeal, or esere bean Geography: West Africa Cultural origins: Efik people of the Calabar region of south-eastern nigeria |
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Atropa belladonna
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Common name: belladona
Geography: Europe, Asia Minor Active compounds: atropine and scopolamine |
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Hyoscyamus niger
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common name: henbane
Geography: Eurasia, Norther Africa, naturalized in N. America Plant parts used: leaves, flower tops (rich in atropine) leaves, seeds (rich in scopolamine) |
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Hyoscyamus muticus
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common name: henbane
Geography: India to Egypt, grown in California |
