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53 Cards in this Set
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Erythroxylum coca
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Chemical: cocaine & deratives (lidocaine, tetracaine, procraine)
Origin: South American Andes Mountains Mechanism: local blockade of nerve impulse |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Filipendula ulmaria (meadowrue)
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Chemical: acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid
Origin: Europe Mechanism: Inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Salix alba
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Chemical: salicin, saligenin
Origin: Europe Mechanism: Inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Gaultheria procumbens (wintergreen)
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Chemical: methyl salicylate
Origin: Eastern North America Mechanism: Inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Betula lenta (sweet birch)
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Chemical: methyl salicylate
Origin: Eastern North America Mechanism: Inhibits cyclooxygenase which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Dioscorea mexicana
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Chemical: diosgenin as a precursor to glucocorticoids
Origin: Mexico Mechanism: blocks cytokine production, inhibits phospholipid conversion to arachidonic acid which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Chemical: diosgenin as a precursor to glucocorticoids, progesterone, estrogen, & androgen Origin: Mexico Mechanism: glucocorticoid as anti-inflammatory, progesterone as oral contraceptive by preventing estrogen release, estrogen to prevent osteporosis |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
Endocrine remedies |
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Cinchona officinalis
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Chemical: hydroxychloroquine
Origin: South America Mechanism: anti-inflammatory that treats rheumatoid arthritis and lupus Chemical: chloriquine Origin: South America Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
Wasabi heat-activated agonists |
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Colchicum autumnale
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Chemical: colchicine
Origin: Europe, North Africa Mechanism: treats goit, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune arthritis, lupus |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Harpagophytum procumbens
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Chemical: harpagoside
Origin: South Africa Mechanism: anti-inflammatory that treats lower-back pain, hip pain, and knee pain |
Peripheral nervous system analgesic & anti-inflammatories
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Cinnamomum camphor
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Chemical: camphor
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist of TRPM8 menthol cold-activated ion channel pain receptor |
Topical analgesics cold-activated ion channel
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Menthol piperita
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Chemical: menthol
Origin: Europe Mechanism: agonist of TRPM8 menthol cold-activated ion channel pain receptor |
Topical analgesics cold-activated ion channel
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Eucalyptus globulus
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Chemical: eucalyptus
Origin: Australia Mechanism: agonist of TRPM8 menthol cold-activated ion channel pain receptor |
Topical analgesics cold-activated ion channel
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Capsicum annuum or Capsicum frutescens
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Chemical: capsaicin
Origin: Tropical America Mechanism: agonist at TRPV-1 capsaicin receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Topical analgesics heat-activated ion channel
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Syzygium aromaticum
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Chemical: clove oil
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Topical analgesics heat-activated ion channel
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Zingiber officinalis
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Chemical: gingerols & shogaols
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Topical analgesics heat-activated ion channel
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Piper nigrum
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Chemical: piperine
Origin: India Mechanism: agonist at heat-activated ion channel pain pathawy |
Topical analgesics heat-activated ion channel
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Eutrema wasabi
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Chemical: allyl isothiocynate
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Wasabi heat-activated agonists
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Armoracia rusticana (horse radish)
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Chemical: allyl isothiocynate
Origin: SE Europe, W Asia Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Wasabi heat-activated agonists
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Brassica niger, Brassica juncea, Brassica hirta (mustard)
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Chemical: isothiosynates
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Wasabi heat-activated agonists
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Allium cepa (onion)
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Chemical: allyl isothiocynate
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Wasabi heat-activated agonists
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Allium sativum (garlic)
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Chemical: allyl isothiocynate
Origin: Asia Mechanism: agonist at TRPA-1 wasabi receptor, heat-activated ion channel pain pathway |
Wasabi heat-activated agonists
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Acmelia oleraceae (tootheache plant)
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Chemical: spilanthol
Origin: South America Mechanism: produces tingling sensation on tongue and analgesia |
Topical analgesic miscellaneous
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Aloe vera
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Chemical: aloe
Origin: Arabia Therapeutic Use: burns |
Topical skin remedies
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Hamamelis virgiania
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Chemical: witch hazel ointment
Origin: Eastern US Therapeutic Use: hemorrhoids, varicose veins |
Topical skin remedies
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Arnica montana or Arnica fugans
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Chemical; arnica
Origin: Europe, North America Therapeutic Use: skin inflammation, blunt injuries |
Topical skin remedies
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Calendula officinalis
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Chemical: calendula
Origin: Europe Therapeutic Use: skin inflammation, skin infection, would healing |
Topical skin remedies
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Avena sativum
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Chemcail: oats
Origin: Europe Therapeutic Use: anti-itch |
Topical skin remedies
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Beberis aquifolium
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Chemical: Oregon berry bark & root
Origin: Western North America Therapeutic Use: psoriasis |
Topical skin remedies
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Hypericum perforatum
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Chemical: hypericin
Origin: Eurasia Therapeutic Use: wound healing Chemical: hyperforin from St. John's Worth Origin: Europe Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Topical skin remedies
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies |
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Carica papaya
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Chemical: papain, chymopapain
Origin: Tropical America Therapeutic Use: protease enzyme debrides necrotic wound tissue, enhances digestion |
Topical skin remedies
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Ananas comosus
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Chemical: bromelain
Origin: South America Therapeutic Use: protease enzyme debrides necrotic wound tissue, enhances digestion |
Topical skin remedies
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Gossypium species
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Chemical: gossypol
Origin: China Mechanism: male contraceptive by preventing sperm formation |
Endocrine remedies
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Serenoa repens
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Chemical: saw palmetto
Origin: SE US Mechanism: treats benign prostatic hypertrophy by inhibiting 5-alpha reductase enzyme which results in less dihydrotestosterone |
Endocrine remedies
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Vitex agnus-castus
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Chemical: chasteberry
Origin: Europe Mechanism: treats PMS & reduces sexual arousal by stimulating gonadotropic releasing hormone and LH |
Endocrine remedies
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Oenathera biennis
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Chemical: evening primrose
Origin: Europe Mechanism: treats PMS and menstrual hot flashes |
Endocrine remedies
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Cimicifuga racemos
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Chemical; block cohosh
Origin: North America Mechanism: treats PMS and menstrual hot flashes |
Endocrine remedies
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Panax ginseng or Panax quinquefolius
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Chemical: gensing
Origin: Korea & China, Eastern North America Mechanism: general tonic, improves metabolic function, aphrodisiac |
Endocrine remedies
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Hevea brasiliensis
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Chemical: rubber latex
Origin: South America Mechanism: condom prevents pregnancy and STI, gloves to prevent transmission of blood born infections |
Endocrine remedies
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Saponaria officinalis
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Chemical: soapwort
Origin: Europe Mechanism: galactagogue |
Endocrine remedies
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Trigonella foenum-graecum
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Chemical: fenugreek
Origin: Europe Mechanism: galactagogue |
Endocrine remedies
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Galega officinalis
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Chemical: metformin is extracted form of phenformin
Origin: Europe Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Larrea tridentata
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Chemical: masoprocol from leaves
Origin: SW North America Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Mormordica charantia
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Chemical: bitter melon
Origin: Asia Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Cinnamomum verum or cinnamomum zeylandicum
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Chemical: cinnamon
Origin: Asia Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Camelia sinensis
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Chemical: tea
Origin: Asia Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Coffee arabica
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Chemical: coffee
Origin: NE Africa Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Vernonia amygdala
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Chemical: bitter leaf
Origin: Africa Mechanism: reduction in insulin resistance |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Opuntia basileris
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Chemical: prickly pear, nopale
Origin: North America Mechanism: reduces sugar absorption in intestines |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Morinda citrifolia
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Chemical: noni, nono
Origin: SE Asia |
Type 2 diabetes mellitus remedies
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Gymnema sylvestre
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Chemical: gymnemic acid from leaves
Origin: India Mechanism: diminished taste bud perception of sweetness |
Plants which affect taste buds
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Synsepalum dulciferum
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Chemical: miraculin in fruit
Origin: West Africa Mechanism: turns non-sweet acidic food into tasting sweet |
Plants which affect taste buds
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Thaumatococcus daneillii
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Chemical: thaumatin in fruit
Origin: West Africa Mechanism: turns non-sweet food into tasting sweet |
Plants which affect taste buds
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Stevia rebaudiana
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Chemical: steviol glycoside in leaves
Origin: South America Mechanism: turns non-sweet food into tasting sweet |
Plants which affect taste buds
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