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46 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the distance through which a lens can focus up and down?
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focal distance
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lens property of magnification
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What is the distance between the slide and the objective?
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working distance
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lens property of magnification
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What is the resolution of a microscope determined by?
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wavelength of light shining on the specimen
cone of light traveling from the condenser through the specimen the light gathered by the objective |
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what are the three tissue layers
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endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
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What is a defined body cavity that is completely lined with tissue grown from mesoderm
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coelom
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EXAMPLES:
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What is a coelomic cavity that is lined only partially by mesoderm-derived tissue?
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pseudocoelom
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EXAMPLES:
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What is an animal that has an ectoderm covering, endoderm gut tubes, and mesoderm-derived tissues packed in the middle called?
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acoelomate
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EXAMPLES: flatworms
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What is symmetry that can be sliced with any plane through its central axis to produce mirror images
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radial symmetry
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EXAMPLES:
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What is when a midsagittal section of the body produces mirror images
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bilateral symmetry
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EXAMPLES
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concentration of sensory structures in the head end
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cephalization
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EXAMPLES: flatworm
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What are shared characteristics of kingdom animalia
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eukaryotic cells
multicellular bodies embryos with a blastula stage heterotrophic lifestyles requirement for oxygen for cellular respiration |
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PHYLUM PORIFERA
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sponges
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lack body symmetry and organized tissues
among the least complex osculum sessile no nervous system asexual or sexual reproduction believed to have evolved from choanoflagellates |
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What is an osculum
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larger opening that circulating water exits out of a sponge
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what are the 3 basic regions of sponges
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pinacocytes-outer, thin set of flattened cells that have pores to allow water to enter
mesenchyme-middle noncellular proteinaceous substance internal collar cells (choanocytes) which has a flagellum surrounded by a collar |
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what are amoebocytes and what do they do
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specialized mobile cells in sponges that are found in the mesenchyme
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reproduction, production of spicules, production of spongin-protein fibers that give sponges their rubbery consistency, and digestion of food
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how are sponges classified
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according to if their skeleton is made up of just spicules or spicules and spongin
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Cnidaria
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jellyfish, hydra, corals, and sea anemonies
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cnidocytes-cells that produce stinging nematocysts
radially symmetry medusa or polyp diploblastic carnivores use tentacles to bring food to oral cavity epithelium has nerve net that control contractile cells |
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ctenophora
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comb jellies
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radial symmetry
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Class hydrozoa (phlym cnidaria)
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hydras and specialized colonies
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display medusa or polyp forms in life styles
includes Portuguese man-of-war |
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Class scyphozoa(phlym cnidaria)
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true jellyfish
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medusa is dominant form
spend their lives free swimming and solitary |
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anthozoa (phlym cnidaria)
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sea anemones and corals
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largest class
no medusoid stage corals secrete calcium carbonate skeleton that serves as substrate for attachment and protectio for soft bodied animal |
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cnidaria reproduction
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polyp can reproduce asexually through budding or produce sperm and egg
medusae have gonads that produce sperm and eggs |
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
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flatworms
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triploblastic
acoelomate lack circulatory system many are parasitic and hermaphroditic |
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Class Turbellaria (phylum platyhelminthes)
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free living flatworms: planarians
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move by cilia
feed on animal tissue reproduce sexually and asexually hermaphroditic |
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Class Trematoda (phylum platyhelminthes)
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parasitic flukes
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body covered in tegument, nonciliated external layer formed from many sets of fused cells
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Class Cestoda (phylum platyhelminthes)
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parasitic tapeworms
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no mouth or digestive tract
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Class Monogenea (phylum Platyhelminthes,)
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ectoparasites of aquatic vertebrates
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Phylum Nematoda
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roundworms
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most numerous animals on the planet
pseudocoelomates body is covered in thick cuticle composed of tough protein use hemoglobin to store oxygen hermaphroditic and reproduce sexually |
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Class Oligochaeta (Phylum Annelida)
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earthworms!
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no appendages
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Class Hirudinea (Phylum Annelida)
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leeches
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Phylum Annelida
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have nervous, circulatory, excretory and reproductive system
movement is accomplished by circular and longitudinal muscles |
coelom
segmentation chaetae (bristles) |
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Class Polychaeta (Phylum Annelida)
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paired, segmental appendages (parapodia)
hermaphrodites |
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Digestive tract of annelids
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buccal cavity, esophagus, crop, gizzard, and intestine
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protostome
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first embryonic opening becomes the oral opening
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deuterostome
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the first embryonic opening becomes the anus
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Phylum Mollusca
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very diverse
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head-foot region
visceral mass containing internal organs mantle-fleshy membrane that covers the visceral mass and hangs over foot shell is secreted by mantle incurrent siphon-draws water in and gills take up oxygen and filter out particles mouth contains radula- scrapes food from surfaces true coelom open circulatory system cephalized reproduce sexually and mostly dioecious |
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Class Polyplacophora (phylum Mollusca)
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chiton
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shell covers entire dorsal aspect of animal
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Class Gastropoda (phylum Mollusca)
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slugs, snails and whelks
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torsion or twisting of body during development
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Class Bivalvia (phylum Mollusca)
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mussels, clams, and oysters
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hinged, two-part shell
have large anterior and posterior adductor muscles umbo-oldest part of shell filter-feeders have modified tentacles called labial palps |
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Class Cephalopoda (phylum Mollusca)
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octopus, cuttlefish and squid
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prehensile tentacles
jet propulsion release ink sac very intelligent |
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Phylum Arthropoda
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protostomes
segmented bodies anterior segments are modified to form head jointed appendages have anterior brain and ventral nerve cord covered with exoskeleton and must molt for growth and repair coelom open circulatory system |
four subphyla: chelicerata, crustacea, hexapoda, myriapoda
chelicerae- jawlike mouthparts |
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subphylum trilobita (Phylum Arthropoda)
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extinct since paleozoic
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Subphylum Chelicerata (Phylum Arthropoda)
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scorpions, spiders, ticks, mites, and horseshoe crabs
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pedipalps-second mouth parts
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Subphylum Crustacea (Phylum Arthropoda)
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lobsters, crabs, shrimp, and barnacles
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Subphylum Myriapoda
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centipedes and millipedes
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segmented head and elongate trunk with repeating segmented that bear many legs
centipedes are nocturnal predators (fast) millipedes are plant eaters and slow |
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Subpylum Hexapoda (Phylum Arthropoda)
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class insecta
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have head, thorax, and abdomen
insects have unique respiratory system containing tubules (tracheae) exit through openings called spiracles holometabolous-undergo metamorphosis |
