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Front 1

What is Orientalism?

Back 1

the imitation or depiction of aspects of Middle Eastern and East Asian cultures by scholars. Orientalism coincides exactly with the period of unparalleled European expansion

Front 2

Who is the scholar who wrote about Orientalism?

Back 2

Edward Said.

Front 3

Why does Pagden begin his book with two stories, one about a Barbarian Warrior, Dructulft in Byzantium, and another about a Yorkshire woman in 19century Argentina?

Back 3

it explains the change from barbaric to civilized people and vice versa

Front 4

How are cities important in the history of Empires?

Back 4

cities are what make up empires.

Front 5

What is the significance of civitas and polis?

Back 5

civitas: latin for citizens laws bind them together. polis: body of citizens

Front 6

What is the meaning of imperium?

Back 6

sovereignty of the state over the individua

Front 7

What is the meaning of imperium? Command in _________________ and right to execute the ____________________?

Back 7

war; law

Front 8

Identify at least 3 other ideas are associated with Empires in Pagden:

Back 8

race, trade, slavery

Front 9

What Empire did Charles V rule? Roughly in what period? What ideas are associated with his Empire?

Back 9

Holy Roman Empire during the early 1500s. Universal and cosmopolitan.

Front 10

How was Charles V’s empire different from all previous European empires and how did his conquests begin a new era in European conquests of the globe?

Back 10

conquest of the globe through colonial settlement, missionizing, and the slave trade.

Front 11

Iberian Peninsula

Back 11

Spain and Portugal

Front 12

In what two ways did Christianity play a role in imperial conquest of the Americas?

Back 12

Christianity was used both a justification for war and also as a civilizing influence on both the conquerors and the conquered

Front 13

What two Empires are associated with trade and liberty? What were the religious identities of these emerging Empires?

Back 13

English and Dutch. Protestant. late 17th and 18th centuries

Front 14

Trade and liberty were part of the new way of thinking about empires that was influenced by the philosophy of the Enlightenment. According to Edmund Burke, how does the Enlightenment create a paradox of the rulers of Empires?

Back 14

There is not any more difficult subject for understanding of men than to govern a Large Empire upon a plan of Liberty.”

Front 15

What is the final frontier of European imperial expansion?

Back 15

Pacific ocean: Tahiti

Front 16

Who is Captain Cook? When did he sail? Where did he go?

Back 16

In 1768-79 Captain Cook was a British navigator who documented and return to England with scientific knowledge of these places and the people.

Front 17

What European Empire initiates the transatlantic slave trade?

Back 17

Portugal in 1444 under the rule of Henry the Navigator

Front 18

In what ways is race understood in the 19th century empires? What new forms of knowledge influence racial thinking in the 19century?

Back 18

no mixing of races. don't want to lose superior race

Front 19

In what decades does modern European imperialism come to an end? What are the new forms of relations that characterize the post-imperial world?

Back 19

ENDING OF IMPERIALISM: COLLAPSE OF EMPIRES

Front 20

Eurocentrism

Back 20

Europe as center

Front 21

Afrocentrism

Back 21

Africa as center

Front 22

Who are the Moors? How are they defined in terms of region, religion and race?

Back 22

Region: Northwest Africa

Religion: Berber Muslim

Race: no clear racial identity

Front 23

Explain the differences if there are any between the Moors, the Berbers, the Arabs and the Saracens?

Back 23

Moors= Berber and Arab. Saracen=Mohammedans

Front 24

Who ruled Spain before the Moors?

Back 24

Visigoths

Front 25

When did Spain become Moorish? What is Moorish Spain and how long was Spain Moorish

Back 25

711-1492

Front 26

What is Gibraltar? What are the linguistic origins of this word?

Back 26

Territory in the Iberian Peninsula. Mount tarrik Jabal Tariq

Front 27

What Arab Dynasty established the Caliphate in Spain?

Back 27

Umayyad

Front 28

What city in Spain was known as the “City of the Khalif"? Identify one of the features of this city.

Back 28

Corodova

Features: architecture, gardens, water, mosques.

Front 29

What was the last city in Spain to be reconquered by the Christians?

Back 29

Granada in 1492

Front 30

Where—what region of the world--is the Barbary Coast? What contemporary countries make up the Barbary Coast? Why is it called Barbary?

Back 30

The Mediterranean/North Africa. Morroco Algeria and Tunisia. Land of the Berber people

Front 31

What is the period of Barbary piracy and corsair activity?

Back 31

17th century

Front 32

Pirates

Back 32

thieves on the high seas with no loyalty

Front 33

CORSAIR

Back 33

barbary pirates act in alliance with ottoman empire

Front 34

PRIVATEERS

Back 34

British seafaring men who owned ships privately

Front 35

Who was Hizir Barbarossa aka Khair ad-Din?

Back 35

figure in the muslim fight against Spanish ambitions in North Africa.

Front 36

What Islamic Empire sponsored Barbary Corsairs as part of a sea jihad?

Back 36

Ottoman Empire

Front 37

What was Queen Elizabeth’s relationship to piracy?

Back 37

he hired privateers. funded them to raid other ships

Front 38

What is the Jacobean period? What is the origin of the word Jacobean?

Back 38

James I and his reign. comes from latin Jacobous meaning james

Front 39

Who was Henry Mainwaring?

Back 39

wrote a book on pirates and their strategies for king james and how to take them down.

Front 40

What does it mean to “turn Turk”?

Back 40

convert to islam

Front 41

What is the lingua franca?

Back 41

Traders’ language in Mediterranean.

Front 42

What is the name of the Straits that connect the Atlantic and the Mediterranean? What is the origin of the name?

Back 42

Straits of Gibraltar. Origin: Jabal Tariq meaning mountain of Tarik.

Front 43

Name three of the Barbary City States

Back 43

Algiers, Tripoli, and Tunis

Front 44

Who were the Janissaries?

Back 44

a elite military corps who served in the Ottoman imperial army and also on board corsair ships

Front 45

Describe slavery on the Barbary Coast

Back 45

Slaves were captured when taking a ship, mostly sailors. sold in markets. could practice relgion freely

Front 46

Did the U.S. play a role in Barbary Coast piracy? How and when?

Back 46

Early 19th century, establishment of US Navy to protect shipping.

Front 47

What is the period of Renoir's productive artistic years?

Back 47

late 19th early 20th century

Front 48

What year or years did Renoir travel to Algeria?

Back 48

1881 and 1882

Front 49

When did France first conquer Algeria?

Back 49

1830

Front 50

Who is the major French artist that came before him and had an influence on his Algerian painting

Back 50

Courbet

Front 51

What are the artistic movements associated with Renoir’s paintings in Algeria? Tensions between the movements?

Back 51

Naturalism, Orientalism, Impressionism.

Tension: naturalism depicts realistic images, impressionism is an impression

Front 52

What are some of the characteristics that define these themes/genres?

Back 52

Themes: landscape and figures Figures: woman with veils.

Front 53

What would you say are the main characteristics of the Other Algeria that David Prochaska describes in historical overview?

Back 53

French colonial. Tourists, New landscape

Back 54

Odalisque in Red Trousers:

Matisse. exoticism of the ‘Orient’

Back 55

Arab Festival: Renoir

Front 56

What is the Other Algeria according to David Prochaska? In addition to politics and land, what did the French colonialism control in Algeria?

Back 56

Other Algeria is French Colonial algeria. Population.

Front 57

What did the French do with the existing buildings and structures—mosques, houses, commercial spaces?

Back 57

They turned them into other buildings

Front 58

What does Prochaska say is absent from Renoir’s Algeria paintings? Why don’t they represent Algeria at the time of his visit?

Back 58

They do not represent Algeria because effects of imperialism are missing ex: religious sites were turned into other buildings.

Front 59

What year was the French Revolution?

Back 59

1789

Front 60

What year did Napoleon Bonaparte lead the French invasion of Egypt?

Back 60

1798

Front 61

What Muslim Empire officially ruled Egypt in the late 18century at the time of the French invasion?

Back 61

Ottoman

Front 62

Who were the Mamluks?

Back 62

Military caste in Egypt.

Front 63

What European country was France’s rival in Egypt?

Back 63

Britain

Front 64

When did the French invasion come to an end?

Back 64

1801

Front 65

Who was Muhammad Ali (aka Mehmet Ali)?

Back 65

leader who helped modernize Egypt

Front 66

What is a Khedive?

Back 66

a ruling title similar to viceroy

Front 67

What is the name of the European who lead the project to build the Suez Canal?

Back 67

Ferdinand de Lesseps.

Front 68

What year is the Suez Canal opened?

Back 68

1869

Front 69

Who is Lady Augusta Gregory?

Back 69

Arabi ally.

Front 70

Who was the last Egyptian King?

Back 70

Faud

Front 71

When does British colonial rule of Egypt end?

Back 71

1909

Front 72

Mamur Zapt

Back 72

Welshman named Gareth Owen, head of Cairo Secret Police.

Front 73

Name three Egyptian settings described in the novel?

Back 73

Alexandria, Fayoum and Cairo.

Front 74

Sir Eldon Gorst

Back 74

Sir Eldon Gorst was a Consul general in egypt.

Front 75

What are the five main forces of change that contribute to the remapping of the Middle East in the first half of the 20 century?

Back 75

Decline of Ottoman Empire

European imperial rivalries in the middle east and north Africa,

Emergence of modern arab nationalist movement

Decline of European Imperialism.

Front 76

What ethnic group founded the Ottoman Empire?

Back 76

Turkic Tribes

Front 77

Who was the actual individual leader that the Empire is named after?

Back 77

Osman I

Front 78

What is the other name for Istanbul?

Back 78

Constantinople

Front 79

What are the first Arab territories of the Ottoman Empire that were colonized by European powers?

Back 79

Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia,

Front 80

After which world war did the European powers take control of the Arab Middle Eastern territories of the Ottoman Empire?

Back 80

WWI

Front 81

What later developed as the main interest in the region? What were the two key territories that the British wanted to control for strategic reasons?

Back 81

suez canal. two territories: palestine and iraq

Front 82

What role did T.E. Lawrence play in the partition of the Ottoman Empire and British colonialism in the Middle East?

Back 82

Britain used Lawrence to direct arab nationalist aspirations against the ottoman empire with promised independence.

Front 83

Who was Prince Feisal?

Back 83

Feisal wanted independence so he funded Lawrence.

Front 84

Balfour Declaration

Back 84

declared that the British favored a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

Front 85

Husein-McMahon correspondence

Back 85

declared that the Arabs would revolt in alliance with the United Kingdom, and in return the UK would recognize Arab independence

Front 86

Sykes-Picot Agreement

Back 86

defined UK and France control in the middle east.

Front 87

What did the Arab nationalists (lead by the Sheriff of Mecca) expect to gain by joining the British against the Ottoman Empire?

Back 87

Idependence

Front 88

What is Zionism? When and where does it originate? What is the political goal of Zionism?

Back 88

reestablishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel

Front 89

What was the King-Crane Commission? When did it take place?

Back 89

how best to divide the Ottomans’ Arab territories and allocate the three Middle East mandates in order to promote ‘order, peace and development’ by asking the people themselves what they wanted. IN 1919

Front 90

French controlled what territories the middle east

Back 90

Syria and Lebanon

Front 91

Britain controlled what territories in the Middle East?

Back 91

Transjordan, Iraq and Palestine

Front 92

What year was Palestine partitioned to create a Jewish state and an Arab state?

Back 92

United Nations partitioned Palestine in 1947

Front 93

What year did Israel declare its independence?

Back 93

1948

Front 94

What wall divided Europe after WW II? When did Europe begin the process of unification?

Back 94

Berlin Wall; 1990

Front 95

What issue does the creation of hard borders attempt to address?

Back 95

Migration

Front 96

What have been some of the consequences of hard borders?

Back 96

hard for travel, trade, and business.

Front 97

Schengenland

Back 97

Borderless area of Europe.

Front 98

Are Ukraine and Russia part of Schengenland?

Back 98

no

Front 99

Have some of the Eastern European countries, such as Poland and Romania, that were allied with the Soviet Union become part of the Schengenland?

Back 99

yes

Front 100

What region has been labelled “Europe’s Rio Grande” because it once was the place of the largest inflow of migrants, is the most fortified, and is a dangerous area for crossings?

Back 100

spain

Front 101

Why does Carr call Melilla and Ceuta the colonial border?

Back 101

the only land borders between the promise of Europe and the despair of Africa.

Front 102

In addition to walls and fences, what other high tech equipment do the European border patrols use to track irregular migrants?

Back 102

Schengen information system.

Front 103

Why do so many people decide to flee their homes and migrant to Europe despite the risks and difficulties? What are “the push and pull” factors?

Back 103

Problems in their home country outweigh the problems in Europe.

Front 104

Frontex

Back 104

ensuring the security of the EU's borders

Front 105

Wilfred Scawan Blunt

Back 105

British "nonconfirmist conscience" who championed Arabi's cause and was opposed British imperialism in Egypt.

Front 106

Why was Ahmed Arabi tried and condemned to exile by the British?

Back 106

Arabi was an officer in the Egptian Army who led a rebellion (mutiny) against the Egyptian Khedive and his British supporters in 1881-82

Front 107

What is the title of Augusta Gregory’s article on Egypt?

Back 107

Arabi and His Household

Front 108

Bonaparte

Back 108

led an invasion of Egypt in 1798.

Front 109

who said: "There were three barriers to French hegemony in the Orient."

Back 109

Edward Said: 3 barriers are the English, the Ottoman Empire and the Muslims.

Front 110

Bonaparte claimed in his proclamation to to the Egyptian people that the French understood Islam and the Koran better than the Mamluks

Back 110

TRUUU

Front 111

“Description of Egypt” is the title of Bonaparte's personal memoir of his invasion of Egypt.

Back 111

FALSE; Description of Egypt was one of the great French orientalist projects during the French occupation.

Front 112

At the time of the French invasion, Egypt was ruled by_______________

Back 112

The Mamluks

Front 113

Prince Fuad, the foreign financiers, and the British officials are all horrified by Tvardovsky’s death and demand justice, which is what sets the investigation in motion.

Back 113

False:

All are prepared to accept that Tvordovksy's death was an accident. Only

Mahmoud and Owen think that it was murder.

Front 114

Captain Gareth Owen has a romantic relationship with an Egyptian women named Zeinab.

Back 114

true

Front 115

Mahmoud El Zaki helps the Mamur Zapt in his investigation

Back 115

True

Front 116

The novel begins and ends in the oasis region of the Fayoum.

Back 116

true

Front 117

At the end of the novel, Prince Fuad kills two Arab men who were hired to murdered Tvardovsky.

Back 117

True

Front 118

Alexandria was the international finance capital of Egypt in the colonial period when the novel is set.

Back 118

True

Front 119

The De Vries and Boutigny case was an actual historical legal issue concerning investment in Egypt.

Back 119

true

Front 120

Before WW I, in the years between 1909 and 1914, T. E. Lawrence worked in the Middle East (Syria, Palestine, and Sinai) as a researcher and map maker and his work was useful for British military and colonial intelligence.

Back 120

True

Front 121

The Arab Revolt was against the British colonial rule.

Back 121

false:

The Arab Revolt was against the Ottoman Empire (the Turks) which was allied

with Germany during WW I (1914-1918).

Front 122

T.E. Lawrence was sent from colonial Cairo on a military mission to build an alliance with Arab tribes in the Hijaz region of Arabia. The Hijaz is the region where the Muslim holy city of Mecca is located.

Back 122

True

Front 123

The main strategy of Lawrence's mission in Arabia was guerrilla warfare, especially attacking the railway lines in the Hijaz, Palestine and Syria.

Back 123

true

Front 124

Lawrence spoke Arabic, but he did not dress in Bedouin tribal clothing or ride a camel during his mission to Arabia as is suggested by some photos.

Back 124

False. Lawrence dressed in Bedouin tribal clothing and rode camels while fighting in Arabia. He lived alongside Bedouin tribespeople for much of his time there.

Front 125

The British were allied with the French during WW I, but the two European countries were rivals in the Middle East. They had competing colonial ambitions to control the Arab territories of the Ottoman, especially Syria, northern Iraq and Palestine, after the war.

Back 125

true

Front 126

Lawrence's main Arab counterpart during the war was Abdullah, the son of Ali ibn Hussein.

Back 126

False;

Lawrence’s main Arab counterpart was Abdullah’s brother Feisal.

Front 127

Despite the British colonial promise to grant independence to the Arabs after the WW I, the British and French signed a secret agreement in 1916 dividing the Ottoman Empire into colonial territories under European rule.

Back 127

True

Front 128

Lowell Thomas was a British journalist who documented in photos and on film Lawrence's mission in Arabia. Thomas' film made known to the world the story of "Lawrence of Arabia."

Back 128

False

Front 129

At the end of the war, following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, in partial fulfullment of its promise of indepdence to Arabs, the British colonial government accepted Feisal as King of Iraq and Abdallah as King of Transjordan.

Back 129

true

Front 130

The policing of borders in many European countries became routine only after World War I.

Back 130

True

Front 131

Since the 19th century, Western Europe, like the United States, has both wanted immigrants to enter as workers, but also excluded immigrants from citizenship rights, often on racial grounds.

Back 131

true

Front 132

Schengen refers to the town in Luxembourg on the borders of France and Germany and also the region governed by the open border agreement between 25 European countries.

Back 132

true

Front 133

Not all EU countries are part of the Schengen Agreement.

Back 133

true

Front 134

The "Facing East" section of chapter 2 focuses on the European borders with the Middle East.

Back 134

false

Front 135

Melilla is a border town on the continent of Europe at the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula where North Africans often enter Spain.

Back 135

false

Front 136

In 2010, Germany was the Eastern border country of the Schengen Region.

Back 136

false

Front 137

Eurodac is the name of the wall separating Melilla from Morocco.

Back 137

False. Eurodac is the shared database used to document asylum seekers and immigrants

into Europe.

Front 138

There are immigrant detention centers in almost all the border countries of the Schengen area.

Back 138

true

Front 139

Javier Bauluz' photo of a dead body on a beach not far from a sunbathing couple in southern Spain was published with an article titled "Death at the Gates of Hell

Back 139

False. The article was titled "Death at the Gates of Heaven."