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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bible
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Written in Hebrew and Greek. Written tradition from 1000 BC to 100 CE. Oral tradition began 1800 BC. Written in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Canaan, Greece, Italy. Basis of Christian faith.
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Garden of Eden
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In Mesopotamia. Place where Adam and Eve lived and walked with God. Tree of life and knowledge of good and evil. No sin, where the first sin took place. Adam and Eve banished and it was sealed off (no one entered it again)
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Temple of Solomon
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Jerusalem. First temple of the ancient Isarelites. Built in 960 BC. Destroyed by the Babylonians. Solomon's greatest achievement--felt called by God to build the temple. Three rooms.
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Covenant with Abraham
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Mesopotamia. God promised to give Abraham land (called him away from his home for this new land). Promised him many descendants even though he was 75 and his wife was barren. Promised him blessings (all the nations would be blessed through him). An unconditional covenant w/ covenental rites. Around 1800 BC
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Mernephta stela
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It's an extra-biblical document that confirms Israelites existence as a political entity. Confirms that Egyptians confronted them in a battle before 1207 BC. An Egyptian document. Piece of granite. Around the time of Moses
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Exodus
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1270 bc. Moses led the egyptians out of slavery. Israel was tempted with unsatisfying food. Also tempted with idols (golden calf). Questioned whether or not God was with them. As a result, had to stay in the desert 40 years before could enter the promised land.
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Passover
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During plagues on egypt. Moses. 1270 BC. God killed the first born of the egytians, but passed over the israelites who put blood on their doorframe. Seven day feast which commemerates the exodus from egypt. At first it was a private family meal. Later became a public festival. Celebrated yearly - part of israel's core belief
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Tetragrammaton
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The four letter name of God. YHWH. Appears thousands of times in the old testament. Used because God's name was too holy to write. Represents Yahweh or Jehovah. Found over 6800 times in OT. around 1280 bc
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Sargon II
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700s BC. King of Assyria. Defeated Isarel under his rule. Captured Samaria and exiled inhabitants, scattering the tribes. Brought outsiders into samaria. Eventually became king of babylonia.
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shechem and shilo
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two important sanctuaries at important cities of israel. during the time of settlement after the exodus. Shechem - Joshua established a covenant w/ the people and renewed it there. late 1200s Shiloh - 15 km north of bethel. The whole congregation of Isarel set up tabernacle tenet. Ark of the covenant. lates 1200s Sameul is linked to it. Shows nomad God
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God's promise to david
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1100 - 970 bc David becomes king of Isarel. During time of prophets. Nathan told him that God would preserve his offspring. God won't withdraw his favor from him. God will establish the throne of David forever.
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LXX and Vulgate
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LXX - 280s bc. Aka the septuagint. During rule of Alexander the great. The greek translation of the OT. Translated in 70 days by 70 scholars. Vulgate - "common translation" latin translation. by Jerome in bethelehem. 382-405 CE
made the bible mmore accessible to the people. God revealed that he didn't only speak hebrew |
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Decalogue
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1260s bc aka the ten commandments. given to moses during the israelite's exodus. core text of decalogue goes back to moses' times. text developed later on by scholars. reminds god's people of god's covenant. first revelation of it might have taken place during a solemn festival.
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the dual kingdoms
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capitals: north-samaria, south-jerusalem. split just after solomon's rule. north is the ten tribes who don't remain faithful to roboam because of taxation. jeroboam becomes king of north. 930 bc
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alexander the great
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in 336 bc remade political world. believed that the persains were the worst enemy of greeks. conquered a HUGE empire. his conquest was followed by rapid diffusion of greek culture. greek king. invaded all the way to india. bible became more accessible cause the people spoke greek.
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bronze serpent
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made by moses. god commanded it. israelites were speaking against god. it was a visible way to repent, and way a symbol of christ who was coming later. israelites later turned it into an idol so it was destroyed. hezekiah destroyed the serpent. 1260ish
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tyre and sidon
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phonecian city-states. on the coast. hiram the 1st of tyre helped solomon build the temple. he supplied craftsmen. these were two egyptian harbors. introduced idolatry into israel
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bablonian exile
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babylonians come to power under nebuchadnezzar. they broke down jerusalem's wall. isrealites were divided into three groups. those who remained in judaea, those who fled to egypt, and those who were deported to babylon. forced the people out and replaced them with outsiders. king cyrus allowed them to go back. 586-538
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Adam and Eve
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First man and woman created by God. Garden of Eden. At first they were sinless, and had no shame. The the serpent tempted them and they sinned against God. This broke man's relationship with God and the earth, and allowed suffering and pain to enter the picture. Led to a broken relationship, power struggle, and shame.
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Noah
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a man of integrity. mesopotamia. the world was violent and corrupt so God decided to kill everyone. but noah got God's favor. he is the link that makes the lines between adam and eve unbroken. built and arc and brough his family and animals on during the flood. God made a covenant with him, he binds himself with mankind and promises never to wipe out the earth.
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abraham and sarah
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1800s bc. couple put to test by faith. lived in Ur (mesopotamia). god asked them to leave their country and family and promised to blees them. they obeyed god. god promised them offspring, but sarah was barren so she abraham slept with her maidservant. God asked abraham to sacrifice isaac, and abraham obeyed.
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jacob
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time of patriarchs. son of isaac. recieves god's blessing, wrestles with god, trickster, prefers his son joseph. he recieves the blessing of isaac by trickery. leaves and marries leah and rachel. from canaan.
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joseph
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son of jacob and rachel. favorite son. brothers jealous, so he was sold into slavery. ended up in egypt. thrown into prison, interprets dreams, becomes second in command of egypt. God is faithful to joseph (doesn't abandon, chooses jospeh to rule over family, makes joseph fruitful)
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moses and joshua
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1280s bc. leaders of the israelites while during the exodus. moses - son of an israelite, grows up in pharoah's house. responds to god's call to lead his people out of slavery. recieves the ten commandments from god. Joshua - not afraid, strong, confident. leads people into promised land. challenged peoople to serve God
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samuel
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1000s bc. prophet and last judge of isarel. son of hannah who was barren but promised to dedicate a son to God. isarels asks him for a king, he's not happy about it. origianlly gives them saul, but removes his blessing form him. gives them david.
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david
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1100 - 970 king of israel. killed golaith of the philistines. genius of military strategy. creates the kingdom of the south. takes over saul's inheritance in the northern federation. establishes jerusalem as his capital and brought arc of the covenant there. shepherd, warrior, father of the messiah, sinner, king and priest. remained faithful to god
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solomon
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980s bc. king of israel. his reign is a period of peace. built the temple of jerusalem. married wives from other countries for poliical alliances. at the end of his rule, the people were beginning to rebel
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ahab
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and evil king of the north kingdom. reigned in between 930 to 722. wanted to conquer phonecia and syria. 32 wars in 35 years. had to face coalition of 11 kings. married daughter of king of tyre (jezebel). led to introduction of idols into israel and judah
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akaz
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king of the south. 8th century bc. wicked. introduced pagan culture and idols. ignored warnings of the prophets. father of hezekiah who is "immanuel child"
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elisha
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700s bc. successor of elijah. prophet. ministry of compassion, cancelling debts, liberation. performed miracles. healed someone of leprosy. gives life to a shunnamite woman's son.
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josiah
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640-609 bc. assyrian empire begins their decline under his reign. king of southern kingdom of israel. political and religious reformation. didn't allow any sanctuary to God other than the temple of jerusalem. destroyed idolatry. only allowed the passover lamb could only be slaughtered in jerusalem.
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jeroboam
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930 bc. son of solomon. rebels against roboam and forms a northern kingdom with ten tribes (split david's kingdom). has himself proclaimed king. erected golden calves at dan and bethel.
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ezra and nehemiah
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400s bc. ezra - priest and scribe. father of judiasm. pentateuch was canonized under his leadership. kind of new moses. wanted "pure jews". nehemiah - layman. led the people in rebuilding the walls of jerusalem. meets opposition from samaritans. faces social problems.
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samaritans
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721 bc. from samaria. replaced God's word by human laws, traditions, customs. rejected biblical canon w/ the exception of the torah. rebelled against god. from the northern kingdom.
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Why is Elijah a prototype for the prophets who come after him?
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He had a divine calling. Mission - had a message to bring to God's people and the nations. Validation of prophet of YHWH through trials and tests. In the life of prophet, God reveals himself powerful in weakness. Justified by God.
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Describe three major aspects of Elijah's relationship with the political leadership of the time
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(ahab and jezebel)
1. asks God for drought to punish Ahab for his sins 2. Jezebel persecutes him and wants to kill him 3. denounces Jezebel's sin (vineyard), preaches against them |
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What is Isaiah's central message?
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Immanuel, child born of royal stock. Mother names him Immanuel. Mighty God, prince of Peace. Peace on land during his reign. Spirit of God and six gifts of spirit (wisdom, insight, counsel, power, knowledge, fear of the lord).
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Why is Jeremiah a model for Jesus?
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1. Brothers and family mock behind back.
2. Like a trusted lamb led to the slaughter house, not knowing the schemes they were plotting. 3. A man of strife and dissension for all the land 4. Prays for his enemies 5. Persecuted, but God's word is a delight and joy to his heart. 6. Suffering is continual, wound incurable 7. Word of God has meant insult, derision all day long. 8. Terror from every side, but YHWH is at my side, a mighty hero, my opponents will stumble. |
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Describe three central features of Jeremiah's message.
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1. Tear up and knock down, destroy and overthrow
2. disasters/hope 3. pronounces a new covenant w/ the house of israel and the house of judah. "I will plant my law, writing it on their hearts" |
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How does Ezekiel bear witness to God being a "nomad God"?
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God isn't confined to the temple of Jerusalem. God is God everywhere. God is soverign. He was a witness of Jerusalem's fall and was deported to Babylon.
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Describe three central features of one of Ezekiel's visions.
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Vision of the temple. A stream comes out; its waters bring life wherever. many trees on each bank of the river. fruit is good to eat and the leaves medicinal. name of the city is to be YHWH is there. new garden of eden.
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How does Isaiah view the messiah at the end of his life?
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Will be a king born of a young woman. Believes he will be good, not bad like he believed before. ???
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