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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
List the Families found under the Sub-order Hystricomorpha |
Chinchillidae, Caviidae, Octodontidae |
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What are the common clinical conditions of histricomorph species |
1. Respiratory > Bordetella bronchiseptica (do not mix rabbits and guinea pigs) +/- Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Strep > Very common, underlying chronic respiratory disease probably reason for most GA deaths in these species > nasal discharge, sneezing, dyspnoea, ratling, coughing, Harderian gland red secretion >Tx: reduce ammonia levels in enclosure, oxygen, bonchodilators, NSAIDs, mucolytics (bromhexine nebulisation), Vit C and ABs. 1 ml F10: 250 ml water 2. Urolithiasis and Cystitis > Guinea pigs esp > associated w/ diets high in calcium and oxalate or carbonate (radio-opaque so xray = Dx) > Bacterial infection (strep. pyogenes, proteus mirabilis, E. coli) > dysuria, stanguria, haematuria, depression > Tx: cystotomy, ABs and analgesia fro cystisis. > Recurrence is common - NSAIDs and glucosamine + reduce calcium and oxalate in diet 3. Flystrike > esp. obese, old guinea pigs + dental disease > Tx: daily cleaning of perineum, removal of maggots, ABs if wounds large, topical ivermectin , supplement with Vit K & B 4. Seizures/Epilepsy > All species > severe Trixacarus caviae (mange in G. pigs) 5. Pregnancy toxaemia/ketoacidosis > mainly G. pigs, obese males and non-pregnant females also succumb > Toxic Form: obese pregs --> foetal displacemnt impairs uterine blood supply --> ischaemia, fotal death, DIC > True Metabolic Form: stressor (fasting or transport) --> depression, anorexia, abortion, slaivation, convulsions, coma and death, ketones on breath and urine --> PM = hepatic lipidosis >Tx: caesarean, glucose/dextrose containig fluids or propylene glycol + corticosteroids + Ca gluconate 6. Torticollis > 2ndry to streptococcus otitis media/interna --> pus @ ear base > head tilt, circling, rolling, nystagmus > Tx: NSAIDs + ABs effective in acute cases only 7. Hypovitaminosis C > Guinea Pigs need 10 mg/kg/day Vit C or 30 mg/kg/day preggers (lack L-gluconolactone oxidase) > Deficiency sen in 11 - 14 days: lack of collagen synthesis --> rough hair coat, scaling, lethargy, weakness, anorexia, altered gait, painful locomotion (bleeding into joints), wasting, gingival haemorrhage, loose teeth
> SCURVY!! death in 2 weeks if not treated > Tx: 50 - 100 mg/kg/day Vit C --> resolution of signs < 7 days |
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How do you sex the different species of rodents? |
Mouse - 5 pairs of nipples, males have greater ano-genital distance,prominent testicles and os penis Rats - 6 pairs of nipples, as above Hamster - as above Guinea Pig - M: O shaped prepucial orifice, testicles palpable in entire male, os penis - F: Y-shaped anogenital region Chinchilla & Degu Males have great anogenitla distance, testicles not palpable as may be inguinal or intra-abdominal |
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What is the hystricomorph dental formula? What is their ideal diet? |
1/1, 0/0, 1/1, 3/3 Both cheek teeth and incisors grow constantly Ad lib hay/grass, Pellets, Leafy greens(esp. Guinea Pigs --> Vit C) |
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A) What is the most common cause of dental disease in hystricomorph species? B) What are the clinical signs? C) Treatment? |
A) Lack of dietary fibre (trauma or congenital causes less common) --> reduced wear --> ovrgrowth --> dental spurs --> oral trauma --> abscessation B) Inappetance, > Difficulty eating > Salivation > Pain (teeth grinding, gut stasis, head shy, pawing at mouth and reduced activity) > Weight loss > +/- halitosis, facial swelling, oculonasal discharge > Dirty bottom C) Burring, extraction, surgical abscess removal |
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Diabetes mellitus in Rodents |
> Most common in Degu, seen in all other domestic rodent species except mouse > Type 1 (insulin dependent) - high resting glucose, low resting insulin (islet beta cells not producing) --> but somatic cells still responsive to insulin so can treat with exogenous insulin > Type 2 (insulin resistant) - high resting glucose, high/normal insulin --> cells resistant --> beta cells eventually become exhausted --> Type 1 > In degus has to do with inappropriate diet --> islet amyloidosis --> spontaneous > CS: PU/PD, polyphagia, weight loss, fertility problems, cataracts, depression > Dx Tests - dipstick: glucosuria, ketonuria >Tx: high fibre diet, dieting, supportive care, insulin therapy rarely indicated |
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What insulin therapy would be appropriate for A) Chinese hamsters B) Rats and Chinchillas C) Guinea Pigs |
A) Neutral Protamine (NPH) Insulin - 2 IU per animal/day B) Caninsulin - 1-2 IU/kg SC BID intially - incremental increase by 0.5IU/kg - 2X daily urinalysis C) Glipizide 2-5 mg/kg PO q12 hrs |
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Which two species are more likely to be affected by hyperthyroidism? What would be appropriate treatment? |
Guinea pigs and chinchilla Tx: methimazole 1mg/animal/day PO OR surgical removal of hyperactive thyroid gland OR radioactive iodine |
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Cystic Ovarian Disease A) Which species? B) Types of cysts? C) Clinical signs D) Treatment? E) Post-op care |
A) Guinea pigs (75% of breeding/non-breeding females between 1.5 - 5 years) and Gerbils B) Cystic rete ovarii - serous, non-functional, spontaneous development, common in mesonephric ligament Follicular cyst - less common, functional --> oesrogen --> irregular oestrus cycles + 2ndry follicles Paraovarian cysts - rare C) asymptomatic --> abdo distension, pain, non-pruritic alopecia, infertility, vaginal bleeding, GI stasis, weight loss D) Tx: HCG 100 IU i.m one per week for 3 weeks GnRH Two 25 ug injections IM, 2 weeks apart Leuprolide acetate 100 ug/kg once every 3 weeks Percutaenous drainage OVARIOHYSTERECTOMY is GOLD STANDARD E) Analgesia - meloxicam, buprenorphine Maintain temperature Fluids - 75 - 100 ml/kg/day as 4/5 SC boluses |
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Cavian Leukaemia |
Lymphosarcoma, malignant, rapidly progressive Type C retrovirus association? > Lymphadenopathy > DX: haematology, LN FNA/biopsy > Prognosis POOR |