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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Supraoptic nucleus
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Makes ADH
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Paraventricular nucleus
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Makes oxytocin
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Lateral area
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Hunger
Destruction-->anorexia Inhibited by leptin |
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Ventromedial area
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Satiety
Destruction-->increased appetite |
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Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis)
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Receives projections from supraptic + paraventricular area
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Circadian Clock pathway
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Eye-->SCN-->PVH-->IML-->SCG-->pineal gland
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Nucleus of the solitary tract
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Projects to paraventricular and lateral hypothalamus
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Locus Coeruleus
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Noradrenergic
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Raphe Nuclei
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Serotonergic
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Reticular activating system
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Raphe nuclei + locus coeruleus
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Subfornical organ
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Blood pressure reg + osmolarity
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OVLT
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Blood pressure + osmolarity
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Hypovolemia pathway to trigger thirst
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Kidney releases angiotensin II-->stimulates the subfornical organ-->stimulates the hypothalamus
Mechanoreceptors in heart detect decreased BP-->stimulates vagus nerve-->stimulates nuclues of solitary tract-->triggers drinking |
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Paraventricular + supraoptic nucleus
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Blood pressure reg + osmolarity (SFO input)
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Hypertonicity pathway to trigger thirst
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OVLT neurons detect hypertonicity-->stimulates magnocellular neurosecretory cells-->release vasopressin into the posterior pituitary-->stimulates drinking
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Ob gene
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Codes leptin
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Leptin
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Synthesized in adipose tissue
Fat content of individual reflected in plasma leptin levels |
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Anorectic peptides
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Inhibit feeding behavior
alpha-MSH CART |
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Orexigenic peptides
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Stimulate feeding behavior
NPY AgRP MCH Orexin |
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HPA Axis
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Paraventricular nucleus CRH into anterior lobe of pituitary-->Anterior lobe of pituitary releases ACTH-->ACTH causes release of corticosteroids from Adrenal medulla
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Feedback inhibition of HPA axis
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ACTH inhibits CRH release from paraventricular nucleus
Cortisol inhibits CRH release from the paraventricular Glucocoritcoids inhibit ACTH release from anterior pit |
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Neuroplasicity + Stress
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1. Glucocoritcoid receptor downregulation
2. Failure to suppress ACTH release 3. Failure to suppress cortisol release 4. Failure of ACTH to suppress CRH release 5. Increased ACTH release enlarges pituitary 6. Increased cortisol release enlarges adrenal gland |
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Brain effects of stress
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1. Decreased glia + decreased neuronal size in PFC
2. Neuron death in the hippocampus 3. Inhibited neurogenesis |
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Neurotrophic factors + stress
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Decreased BDNF + receptor causes neuron death in HC
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BDNF Mechanism of Antidepressants
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1. 5-HT/NE
2. AC 3. cAMP 4. CREB 5. BDNF production 6. Inhibited neuronal death Ca dependent kinase also upreg BDNF production |
