Hypertonia (Neuro 3-Peds)

Front 1

T/F when flexing your elbow the biceps are the agonist and the triceps are the antagonist.

Back 1

True
Agonist-primary mover
Antagonist-opposing/counteracting on the agonist

Front 2

the simultaneous firing of agonist and antagonist muscles around a joint is called ______

Back 2

Co-contraction (isometric contraction)

Front 3

Results in muscular stability of a joint, controlled by the n-m system, controls stiffness of a joint, limits degrees of freedom

Back 3

co-contraction

Front 4

active graded control b/w agonist and antagonist activity around a joint (best for movement)

Back 4

co-activation

Front 5

the constantly changing relationship of muscle firing b/w agonist and antagonist during movement

Back 5

graded movement

Front 6

group of muscles working together to produce a desired effect or perform a posture or movement to meet a functional demand or goal

Back 6

synergies

Front 7

gravity, manual contact, and the environment are what type of factors that influence synergies

Back 7

extrinsic

Front 8

T/F? tone and ROM are examples of intrinsic factors that influence synergies

Back 8

True

Front 9

T/F? Co-activation is used to limit degrees of freedom.

Back 9

False, co-contraction

Front 10

The number of planes a joint or limb has to control

Back 10

degrees of freedom

Front 11

State of hyperactive stretch reflexes

Back 11

spasticity

Front 12

velocity dependent resistance to stretch and is not a state of motor unit activation

Back 12

spasticity

Front 13

Spastic muscles are tested for strength by?

Back 13

performing functional activities, not through MMT.

Front 14

state of excessive resistance to passive muscle elongation

Back 14

hypertonia

describes K(stiffness in muscles)

Front 15

Stiffness is a relationship of ___+ ____

Back 15

force + length

Front 16

State of muscle activation (peripheral + mechanical); also defined in muscle as the ratio of change in torque to the change in joint angle or muscle length

Back 16

stiffness

Front 17

A permanent but not unchanging neurodevelopmental disorder caused by nonprogressive defect or lesion in a single or multiple location in an IMMATURE brain.

Back 17

Cerebral Palsy

Front 18

When can CP lesion occur?

Back 18

in utero or shortly after birth

Front 19

Classifications (body parts)
one limb :
lower limbs:
upper and lower limbs on 1 side of body:
all limbs:
3 limbs, both lowers and 1 upper:
all limbs with trunk or neck:

Back 19

monoplegia
diplegia
hemiplegia
quadraplegia
triplegia
Tetraplegia

Front 20

Identify associated lesion location with type of CP

1. Spastic CP:
2. Dyskinetic or athetosis CP:
3. Ataxic CP:

Back 20

1. motor cortex or white matter
2. basal ganglia
3. cerebellum

Front 21

intermittent muscular tension in the limbs and trunk associated with involuntary movement is ____ CP

Back 21

Dyskinetic or athetosis

Front 22

general instability of movement is associated with what term

Back 22

ataxia

Front 23

CP in full term children may be caused by ?

Back 23

interuterine pressure
inflammation or infection
decreased brain profusion

50% of CP cases are full term

Front 24

CP in premature children may be caused by?

Back 24

prenatal malnutrition
poor prenatal condition of mom
intracranial hemmorhage

33% of CP cases occur premature

Front 25

Name some ways to reduce the incidence of CP?

Back 25

improving prenatal health of at risk mothers
maternal education
prevention of asphyxia
medical tx of children with low apgar scores
prevention of premature delivery
increase c-sections

Front 26

How is CP diagnosed?

Back 26

when child does not reach motor milestones and exhibits abnormal muscle tone or asymmetries.

Front 27

Around what age is CP usually diagnosed?

Back 27

2-3 years old, before that they are just"developmentally delayed"

Front 28

muscular and skeletal system impairments are what type of impairments?

Back 28

single system

Front 29

Name some examples of single system impairments.

Back 29

insufficient force generation (strength)
Spasticity
Hypo-extensibility

Front 30

mechanical shortening of a muscle system; contracture, results in lower maximal force production

Back 30

Hypo -extensibility

Front 31

impairments expressed in the neuromuscular system

Back 31

multisystem impairments

Front 32

Name some examples of multisystem impairments with CP

Back 32

poor selective control of muscle activity
poor anticipatory regulation
decreased ability to learn unique movements

Front 33

Adults with CP have higher rates of ...
1.
2.
3.

Back 33

breast cancer mortality
accidental death
respiratory, circulatory, and digestive disease

Front 34

Goals for clients with CP should focus on

Back 34

the promotion of participation by maximizing the gross motor activity allowed by the organic deficits and helping the client compensate for activity limitations when necessary

Front 35

Achieving goals with the CP client require

Back 35

maintenence of MS integrity
preventing 2ndry impairements and deformities
enhancing optimal postures
promoting optimal independence

Front 36

3 skills needed to treat a child with CP

Back 36

understand impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities
predict outcomes
develop treatment strategies

Front 37

vision impairment is common with CP, T/F?

Back 37

True

Front 38

T/F? Spasticity is often not changed by PT, but voluntary cocontraction can be changed.

Back 38

True

Front 39

_______ is reflexive, sensory inititated type of abnormal tone

Back 39

spasticity

Front 40

exessive resistance to movement from both reflexive and non reflexive elements

Back 40

Hypertonia