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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Essential Hypertension
|
unknown direct cause
approx. 90% of cases |
|
Secondary Hypertension
|
linked to another problem
approx. 10% of cases |
|
Target Organ Disease of Hypertension
|
Heart, Brain, Kidneys, Eyes, Circulation
|
|
Major Risk Factors of Hypertension
|
Smoking, Obesity, DM, Dyslipidemia, Physical inactivity, Diet (increased salt/fat, decreased veggies/fiber), Age > 60, Genetic predisposition (male gender)
|
|
Primary Prevention of Hypertension
|
Lifestyle (dietary modifications - alcohol moderation, Excercise program - weight reduction, skoking cessation, stress managment)
Minimize modifiable risk factors (stop smoking and control dislipidemia and DM, treat any underlying cause) |
|
Generic ARBs end with what?
|
- sartan
|
|
ARBs MoA ?
|
Block the binding of ATII to its receptors
|
|
ARBs Therapeutic effects
|
decrease BP, constriction, resistance, and afterload
Major use of this class is afterload reduction (CHF, MI) Often second line treatment for patients intolerant of ACE-I |
|
ARBs SE / AEs ?
|
Most common - headache
|
|
ARBs Interactions ?
|
Other antihypertensives and diuretics (increase hypotensive effects)
|
|
ARB examples of drugs in class.
|
Cozar (losartan)
Diovan (valsartan) |
|
ARBs Nursing Actions ?
|
Monitor BP, I/O, daily weight, SEs
Assess and monitor serum K levels, renal function Focus assessment - cardiac and pulmonary Patient education - medication, hypotension symptoms |
|
Generic Beta Blockers end with ?
|
- olol
|
|
Beta Blockers MoA ?
|
Cardioselective - bind to, and block, beta 1 receptors
Nonselective - bind to, and block, beta 1 and 2 (heart and lungs) negative inotrope negative chronotrope |
|
Beta Blockers Therapeutic effects ?
|
decrease HR and myocardial O2 demand.
Decrease angina and cardiac rhythm disturbances decrease renin release (dec. angioensin II formation) |
|
Beta Blockers SE / AEs?
|
Dysrhythmias (ie. bradycardia), heart failure
Bronchospasm / Bronchoconstriction - dyspnea, wheezing Fatigue, depression, impotence |
|
Beta Blockers Interactions ?
|
Other antihypertensives and diuretics (increase hypotensive effects)
|
|
Beta Blockers Examples ?
|
Inderal (propranolol)
Lopressor (metoprolol) Tenormin (atenolol) |
|
Beta Blocker Nursing Actions ?
|
Monitor BP, I/O, dialy weight,SEs
Focus assessment - cardiac and pulmonary Contraindicated with some dysrhythmias, heart failure, some lung diseases |
|
CCBs MoA ?
|
Inhibits the transport of calcium into myocardial and smooth muscle cells
Dilates peripheral arterioles = dec. afterload negative inotrope and chronotrope |
|
CCBs Therapeutic effects ?
|
Lower HR and BP - depending on which drug in class
dec. myocardial O2 demand, coronary artery spasms, angina, and dysrhythmias |
|
CCBs SE/AEs ?
|
Bradycardia, reflex tachycardia
Peripheral edema |
|
CCBs Interactions
|
Other antihypertensives and diuretics (inc. hypotensive effects)
|
|
CCBs examples of drugs in class
|
Calan (Verapamil)
Cardizem (diltiazem) Norvasc (amlodipine) |
|
CCBs Nursing Actions
|
Monitor BP, HR, I/O, daily weight, SEs
Focus assessment - cardiac and pulmonary. |
|
Diuretics Therapeutic effects (overall)?
|
Site of action is the kidney, specifically the nephron (exact site depends on the drug)
Goal: inc. rate of urine formation / output = net wate loss from teh body = dec BP |
|
Five main types of diuretics
|
Loop
Potassium-sparing Thiazide and thiazide-like osmotic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors |
|
Loop Diuretic MoA
|
Inhibits Na and Cl resorption in the loop of Henle, and, therefore, water
Dilate blood vessels |
|
Loop Diuretic Therapeutic Effects
|
Potent diuresis resulting in substantial fluid loss
Treats edema associated with CHF, hepatic, or renal disease Treats hypercalcemia |
|
Loop Diuretic SE / AEs ?
|
decrease K (potassium)
dizziness, tinnitus |
|
Loop Diuretic examples ?
|
Lasix (furosemide)
|
|
Loop Diuretic Nursing Actions?
|
Monitor I/O, BP, K
Monitor effects of Lanoxin (digoxin) |
|
K Sparing Diuretic MoA ?
|
Acts directly on distal renal tubule
inc Na and water excretion while retaining K and H. |
|
K Sparing Diuretic Therapeutic effects
|
Diuresis
Less K excretion |
|
K Sparing Diuretic SE and AEs?
|
inc K
weakness, dizziness |
|
K Sparing Diuretic examples of drugs in class?
|
Aldactone (spironolactone)
|
|
K Sparing Diuretic Nursing Actions
|
Monitor I/O, BP, K
Monitor effects with Lanoxin (digoxin) |
|
Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics MoA ?
|
Inhibits Na and Cl reabsorption in the distal tube = dec water reabsorption
Dilate arterioles = dec resistance |
|
Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics Therapeutic effects ?
|
Excretion of H20, Na, K, Cl, w/o altering the pH
Treatment of edema Idiopatic hypercalciuria (kidney stones) |
|
Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics SE and AEs?
|
dec K
headache, dizziness |
|
Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics examples of drugs in class?
|
HydroDiuril (hydrochlorothiazide, HCTZ)
Zaroxolyn (metolazone) |
|
Thiazide and thiazide like diuretics Nursing Actons?
|
Monitor I/O, BP, K
Monitor effects with Lanoxin (digoxin) |
|
Osmotic diuretics MoA ?
|
inc. osmotic pressure = fluid shift out of renal tubules for excretion = diuresis
|
|
Osmotic diuretics Therapeutic effects
|
dec. cerebral edema = dec. intracranial pressure
Rapid excretion of fluid, electrolytes, and toxic substances from kidneys |
|
Osmotic diuretics examples of drug in class
|
Mannitol
|
|
Essential Hypertension
|
unknown direct cause
approx. 90% of cases |
|
Secondary Hypertension
|
linked to another problem
approx. 10% of cases |
|
Target Organ Disease of Hypertension
|
Heart, Brain, Kidneys, Eyes, Circulation
|
|
Major Risk Factors of Hypertension
|
Smoking, Obesity, DM, Dyslipidemia, Physical inactivity, Diet (increased salt/fat, decreased veggies/fiber), Age > 60, Genetic predisposition (male gender)
|
|
Primary Prevention of Hypertension
|
Lifestyle (dietary modifications - alcohol moderation, Excercise program - weight reduction, skoking cessation, stress managment)
Minimize modifiable risk factors (stop smoking and control dislipidemia and DM, treat any underlying cause) |
|
Generic ARBs end with what?
|
- sartan
|
|
ARBs MoA ?
|
Block the binding of ATII to its receptors
|
|
ARBs Therapeutic effects
|
decrease BP, constriction, resistance, and afterload
Major use of this class is afterload reduction (CHF, MI) Often second line treatment for patients intolerant of ACE-I |
|
ARBs SE / AEs ?
|
Most common - headache
|
|
ARBs Interactions ?
|
Other antihypertensives and diuretics (increase hypotensive effects)
|
|
ARB examples of drugs in class.
|
Cozar (losartan)
Diovan (valsartan) |
|
ARBs Nursing Actions ?
|
Monitor BP, I/O, daily weight, SEs
Assess and monitor serum K levels, renal function Focus assessment - cardiac and pulmonary Patient education - medication, hypotension symptoms |
|
Generic Beta Blockers end with ?
|
- olol
|
|
Beta Blockers MoA ?
|
Cardioselective - bind to, and block, beta 1 receptors
Nonselective - bind to, and block, beta 1 and 2 (heart and lungs) negative inotrope negative chronotrope |
|
Beta Blockers Therapeutic effects ?
|
decrease HR and myocardial O2 demand.
Decrease angina and cardiac rhythm disturbances decrease renin release (dec. angioensin II formation) |