Hypersensitivity Reactions

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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia

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Type 2 against Rh antigens, I antigen on RBCs leads to Opsonization and phagocytosis of erythrocytes causing Hemolysis and Anemia

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Hemolytic disease of the newborn

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Type 2 against Antigens on erythrocytes leads to RBC degradation causing Reticulocytosis and Anemia

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Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura

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Type 2 against Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa on platelets leads to Opsonization and phagocytosis of platelets causing Bleeding diathesis

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Pemphigus vulgaris

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Type 2 against Epidermal cadherins leads to Activation of proteases and Disruption of cell adhesion molecules causing Bullae

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ANCA-associated vasculitides

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Type 2 against Neutrophil granule proteins leads to Neutrophil degranulation and inflammation causing Vasculitis

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Goodpasture's syndrome

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Type 2 against Noncollagenous protein leads to Complement and Fc-receptor-mediated inflammation causing Nephritis and Lung hemorrhage

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Acute rheumatic fever

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Type 2 against M proteins on Group A streptococci and then myocardial antigen leads to Macrophage activation and Inflammation causing Myocarditis and Arthritis

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Myasthenia gravis

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Type 2 against Acetylcholine receptor leads to Competitive acetylcholine inhibition and Receptor down-regulation causing Muscle weakness and Paralysis

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Graves disease

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Type 2 against TSH receptor leads to Receptor agonism causing Hyperthyroidism

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Pernicious anemia (if autoimmune)

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Type 2 against Intrinsic factor on gastric parietal cells leading to Decreased vitamin B12 absorption causing Abnormal erythropoiesis and Anemia

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Type 1

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IgE mediated - often called Allergy or immediate seen in reactions such as: Atopy, Anaphylaxis, and Asthma

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Type 2

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IgM or IgG and Complement mediated - often called Cytotoxic or antibody-dependent seen in reactions such as: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Hemolytic disease of the newborn, Autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura, Pemphigus vulgaris, ANCA-associated vasculitides, Goodpasture's syndrome, Acute rheumatic fever, Myasthenia gravis, Graves disease, and Pernicious anemia (if autoimmune)

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Type 3

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IgG and Complement mediated - oftern called Immune complex disease seen in reactions such as: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis, Polyarteritis nodosa, Reactive arthritis, Serum sickness, and Arthus reaction

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Type 4

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T-cell medciated often called Delayed-type hypersensitivity, Cell-mediated immune memory response or antibody-independent seen in reactions such as: Contact dermatitis, Tuberculin skin test, Chronic transplant rejection, and Multiple sclerosis

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Systemic lupus erythematosus

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Type 3 against Nuclear antigens leads to Nephritis, Skin lesions, and Arthritis

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Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

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Type 3 against Streptococcal cell wall antigens leads to Nephritis

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Polyarteritis nodosa

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Type 3 against Hepatitis B virus antigen leads to Systemic vasculitis

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Reactive arthritis

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Type 3 against Several bacterial antigens leads to Acute arthritis

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Serum sickness

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Type 3 against Various target antigens leads to Arthritis, Vasculitis, Nephritis

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Arthus reaction

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Type 3 against Various target antigens leads to Cutaneous vasculitis