Hypersensitivity Reactions

Front 1

Type I hypersensitivity is _____________ hypersensitivity.

Back 1

Immediate

Front 2

Type I hypersensitivity is _____________ mediated.

Back 2

IgE

Front 3

IgE activating mast cells for rapid release of inflammatory mediators.

Back 3

Type I

Front 4

IgG, IgM activating complement or ADCC to kill cells

Back 4

Type II

Front 5

Immune complex deposition in blood vessels leads to inflammation

Back 5

Type III

Front 6

Cell mediated responses, usually delayed by 2 days or more, where activated lymphocytes and/or macrophages cause tissue damage.

Back 6

Type IV

Front 7

Allergic rhinitis, anaphylaxis and allergic asthma are examples of type ___ hypersensitivity.

Back 7

I

Front 8

Autoimmune diseases of the skin and hemolytic anemia are examples of type __ hypersensitivity

Back 8

II

Front 9

Persistent infections (viral hepatitis) and autoimmune diseases such as SLE are examples of type __ hypersensitivity.

Back 9

III

Front 10

Poison ivy, granuloma formation in tuberculosis are examples of type __ hypersensitivity

Back 10

IV

Front 11

_____________ cells are the primary effector for antigen dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity.

Back 11

Natural Killer

Front 12

IgE antibodies in Type ___ hypersensitivity cause rapid degranulation of _____________ and subsequent release of _____________mediators.

Back 12

I, mast cells, inflammatory

Front 13

Excessive immune response (often to innocuous antigens) that causes damage.

Back 13

Hypersensitivity

Front 14

A disease or reaction caused by an immune response to one or more environmental antigens, resulting in tissue inflammation and organ dysfunction.

Back 14

Allergy

Front 15

An antigen that causes allergy.

Back 15

Allergen

Front 16

A genetically determined state of hypersensitivity to common environmental allergens, mediated by IgE antibodies.

Back 16

Atopy

Front 17

In a type I reaction, the allergen is absorbed by an _____________ cell, which then presented to antigen-specific _____________ cells. This leads to the production of _____________ and binding of this antibody to _____________, which degranulate to release _____________.

Back 17

Antigen presenting, T, IgE, Mast cells, histamine

Front 18

In allergic skin testing, _____________ and _____________ will develop around a positive prick around 20 minutes post inoculation.

Back 18

Wheal, flare

Front 19

_____________ is a systemic mast cell activation, leading to hypotension, urticaria, angioedema and laryngeal/bronchial obstruction.

Back 19

Anaphylaxis

Front 20

In type II hypersensitivity, _____________ and _____________ antibodies cause injury by activating _____________.

Back 20

IgG, IgM, complement

Front 21

These cells bind to target antigen on cells using the antibody as the bridge between them.

Back 21

Effector cells

Front 22

Examples of effector cells include:

Back 22

Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils, NK cells

Front 23

IN _____________ syndrome, antibodies attack the lungs and kidneys, causing bleeding from the lungs and kidney failure (GBM antigen)

Back 23

Goodpasture's

Front 24

_____________ is a blistering skin and mucous membrane disease that forms antibodies against desmoglein, which forms the 'glue' that attaches adjacent epidermal cells. The blisters slough off into sores.

Back 24

Pemphigus

Front 25

Auto reactive antibody is created to acetylcholine receptor on post-synaptic neuromuscular junctions, resulting in muscle weakness.

Back 25

Myasthenia gravis

Front 26

Incompatible blood transfusions are an example of _____________ hypersensitivity.

Back 26

Type II

Front 27

Lattice or complex formed by the binding of antibody to soluble antigens that occurs naturally and constantly in the healthy body.

Back 27

Immune complex

Front 28

Immune complexes are normally taken up by _____________ and eliminated in the _____________ and the _____________.

Back 28

RBCs, liver, spleen

Front 29

Immune complexes are formed in excess during a type __ hypersensitivity reaction, and they deposit themselves in the _____________, triggering the inflammatory response.

Back 29

III, blood vessel walls

Front 30

Immune complexes activate _____________ in type III hypersensitivity reactions, which causes inflammation via _____________ receptor mediated ADCC

Back 30

Complement, FC

Front 31

Persistent infection with malaria or leprosy, autoimmune disorders such as SLE or dermatomyositis and inhaled antigens such as Farmer's Lung, Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis are examples of type __ hypersensitivity.

Back 31

III

Front 32

A substance, usually very small in molecular size, that alone is not immunogenic but after conjugation to a carrier protein or cells becomes immunogenic and induces antibody production.

Back 32

Hapten

Front 33

Skin inflammation, including pruritic papules and vesicles on an erythematous base are indicative of _____________

Back 33

Alergic contact dermatitis

Front 34

Sensitization of allergic contact dermatitis typically takes __ to __ days.

Back 34

10-14

Front 35

The most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis include:

Back 35

Poison ivy, nickel, preservatives/dyes/fragrances, and chemicals in rubber gloves.

Front 36

Inflammation of the skin (erythema, edema, hyperkeratosis or vesiculation) that is NONSPECIFIC response to direct chemical damage.

Back 36

Irritant contact dermatitis

Front 37

Unlike allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis will resolve with the _____________.

Back 37

Removal of the irritant

Front 38

Sensitization is required/not required for irritant contact dermatitis.

Back 38

Not required

Front 39

In allergic contact dermatitis, the allergen contacts the skin of a susceptible person. The _____________ cells in the epidermis contact the _____________ carrier complex, then migrate into the regional _____________, where they sensitize a _____________ cell.

Back 39

Langerhans, hapten, lymph node, T cell

Front 40

In allergic contact dermatitis, _____________ cells are activated by _____________, and then release inflammatory _____________ to act on _____________, _____________ and other cells to produce skin lesions.

Back 40

Helper T cells, memory T cells, cytokines, endothelial cells, keratinocytes

Front 41

PPD stands for

Back 41

Tuberculin purified protein derivative

Front 42

In a PPD test, _____________ that have been sensitized to _____________ release cytokines to increase vascular permeability.

Back 42

Memory T cells, mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Front 43

A positive PPD test will reveal an induration __ to __ hours later measuring _ to __ mm in diameter.

Back 43

48-72, 5-15mm

Front 44

_____________ form in diseases with a persistent antigen, often an infectious agent such as tuberculosis, leprosy and leishmaniasis.

Back 44

Granulomas

Front 45

Granulomas contain multinucleated _____________ cells.

Back 45

Giant