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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What role does HMG-reductase play in cholestrol synthesis?
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It is the rate limiting step in de novo cholestrol synthesis
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What role does LPL play in cholesterol progression
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LPL converts VLDL into IDL,
IDL into LDL Chylomicrons into chylomicron remnants |
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What works with LPL and HL to bring chylomicrons back to the liver?
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Apo E protein
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Where are bile acids formed?
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liver
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What role do bile acids play in cholesterol formation?
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bile acids sequester dietary fat and cholesterol and package them into chylomicrons
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What is the cause of primary chylomicronemia?
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decrease in LPL activity
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How does primary chylomicronemia present?
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increase in:
chylomicrons VLDL |
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How can you treat primary chylomicronemia?
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Fibrates
niacins |
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What causes familial hypertriglyceridema?
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impaired removal of VLDL and/or Chylomicrons
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How does familial hypertriglyceridema present?
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increase in
VLDL (moderate disease) VLDL and chylomicrons (severe) |
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What causes familial combined hyperlipidemia
(familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia)? |
Increase in VLDL production
along with a high conversion of VLDL to LDL |
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How does familial combined hyperlipidemia present?
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high VLDL
or High LDL or High VLDL and LDL |
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What causes dysbetalipoproteinemia?
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decreased clearance of VLDL (IDL) and chylomicron remnants
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How does dysbetalipoproteinemia manifest?
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high IDL
high chylomicrons |
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How does familial hyper-cholesterolemia present?
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high LDL
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What causes familial hyper-cholesterolemia?
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LDLR impairments (hetero or Homo LDLR gene mutations)
high fat diet inactivity |
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What causes familial ligand-defective ApoB?
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mutation in apo-B100 resulting in impaired endocytosis of LDL
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What role does ApoB100 play?
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deals with endocytosis of LDL to bring to the liver
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How does familial lignad-defective apoB present?
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high LDL
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How does Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia present?
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high Lp(a)
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What causes hyperlipoproteinemia?
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increased production of Lp(a)
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Name some resins
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cholestyramine
colestipol |
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Name some fibrates
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fenofibrate
gemfibrozil |
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Name some absorption inhibitors.
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Ezetimibe
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Name some Niacins.
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Nicotinic acid
Vitamin B3 |
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Statins work through what mechanism?
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inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
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What is the MoA for Resins?
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Bind Bile acids
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What is the only disorder that uses Resins?
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familial hyper-cholesterolemia
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What is the MoA for Niacin?
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inhibits VLDL synthesis and secretion by the liver
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Niacin can be used for what disorders?
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all disorders
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What is the MoA for Fibrates?
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activation of PPAR Receptor
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What does PPAR receptor do?
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transcription factor that increases LPL synthesis and decreases LPL inhibitor synthesis
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Which drugs causes you to use the cholesterol in your body already?
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Resins
Statins |
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What is the MoA of absorption inhibitors?
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inhibit absorption of dietary cholestrol
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How much can absortion inhibitors affect total cholesterol?
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decrease cholesterol by 13% and LDL by 18%
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What drugs are used to treat familial hypertriglyceridemia?
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niacin
fibrates |
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What drugs are used to treat primary chylomicronemia?
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niacin
fibrates |
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What drug is used to treat familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia when VLDL are increased?
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niacin
fibrates |
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What drug is used to treat familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia when just LDL is increased?
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statins
niacin ezetimibe (absorption inhibitor) |
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What drug is used to treat familial combined hyperlipoproteinemia when both LDL and VLDL are increased?
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statins
niacin |
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What drugs are used to treat familial dysbetalipoproteinemia?
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Fibrate
niacin |
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What drugs are used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia when it is hetero?
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statin
resin niacin ezetimibe |
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What drug is used to treat homo familial hypercholesterolemia?
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niacin
statin ezetimibe |
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What drugs are used to treat familial ligand-defective ApoB?
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Niacin
statin ezetimibe |
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What drugs are used to treat Lp(a) hyperlipoproteinemia?
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Niacin
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What are the adverse effects of statins?
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myopathy
liver dysfunction |
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What are the adverse effects of resins?
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GI distress
constipation decreased drug and fat soluble vit absorptions |
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What are the adverse effects of Niacin?
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Cutaneous flush
GI distress hepatotoxicity hyperglycemia hyperuricemia |
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What are the adverse effects of fibrates?
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myopathy
gallstones dyspepsia |
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What are the adverse effects of absorption inhibitors?
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rare myopathy
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