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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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General appearance |
Observe Gait General Health status Breathing Voice Responsiveness |
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Head |
Describe hair and scalp |
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Skin |
color texture blemishes traumatic lesions (cut, psoriasis) eruptions or swelling growths (think of systemic conditions, biopsy for lesions on skin) carcinoma, melanoma, etc birth marks moles skin tags |
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Why are eyes import ants? |
You can tell if other conditions |
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Eyes |
Size of pupils Color of Sclera Eyeglasses Protruding eye balls |
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Dilated pupils or pinpoint may be a result of |
drugs, emergency state. |
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What is essential during instruction |
Eyeglasses |
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Hyperthyroidism |
protruding eyes |
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Temporomandibular Joint |
Limitations or deviations of movement Tenderness; sensitivity Noises: clinking, popping, grating to consider: Disorder of joint; limitation of opening Discomfort during appointment and during homecare |
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Neck |
Symmetrical Large masses Moles Thyroid enlargement |
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Nodes |
Pre Auricular Occipital Submental; submandibular Cervical chain Supraclavicular |
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Pre Auricular |
In front of ear |
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Occipital |
Behind head |
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Submental; submandibular |
Under jaw in the posterior and more anterior |
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Salivary glands |
Any evidence of enlarged masses Tenderness Palpate |
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Post Auricular |
behind the ear |
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Lips |
Observe the lips closed then openPalpateColor, texture, sizeCracks, angular cheilosis Blisters, ulcers Traumatic lesions Irritation from lip-biting Limitation of opening; muscles elasticity;muscle toneEvidence of mouth breathing |
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Labial Mucosa |
Color, Size, texture, Contour Abrasions, traumatic lesions Hard masses Swelling |
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angular cheilosis |
cracks in the corner of the lips |
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When detected at the earliest stages, oral cancer has an |
80% survival rate |
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Risk Factors for Oral Cancer |
age gender sunlight tobacco and alcohol use |
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age |
Incidence peaks in persons 55 to 74 years |
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gender |
Men are 2x more likely than women |
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Sunlight |
Exposure is a risk factor for lip cance |
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Tobacco and Alcohol Use |
higher risk together than separately |
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Surface |
smooth or rough flat or raised knob, lump or swelling |
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shape |
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consistency |
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mobility |
movable fixed |
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tendersness |
amount of tenderness, if any, experienced by the patient when the structure is palpated |
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movable |
moves independently of the underlying structure |
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fixed |
not feely mobile, stuck |
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Four Subgroups: Head and Neck Exam |
1. Overall appraisal of head, neck, face, and skin 2. Lymph nodes of head and neck 3. Salivary and thyroid glands 4. Temporomandibular joint |
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Lymphadenopathy |
Enlarged Lymph Nodes |
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Postauricular Lymph Nodes: Palpation |
Visually inspect behindeach ear. •Palpate using circularmotions to compress tissue against bone of skull. |
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Submental Nodes: Palpate |
Compress the areabehind and between the midline of the mandible between the thumb and index finger. |
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Lateral Excursions of the Jaw |
Side-to-sidemovements of the jaw |
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Labial Mucosa |
Color, Size, texture, Contour Abrasions, traumatic lesions Hard masses Swelling |
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Buccal Mucosa |
Vestibule, Muccobuccal fold, frenum, opening of Stenson’sduct, palpate cheek Color, Size, Texture, Contour Abrasions, traumatic lesions,cheek bite Effects of tobacco use Ulcers, growths Moistness of surfaces Relation of frena to free gingiva |
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Stenson’s duct |
always lines up with the maxillary first molar |
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LINEA ALBA |
Line where teeth bite together |
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Why does the frenum matter |
if it is too close it will cause teeth to have recession go |
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Leukoplakia |
White Wipes away caused by irritation of the gum |
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hkh |
Need for referral, biopsy, cytologyFrena and other anatomic parts that special adaption for radiography or impression trayAvoid sensitive areas during retraction |
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Hard palate |
Height, contour, color Appearance of rugae Tori, growths, ulcerConsider: Need for referral. Biopsy, cytology Large uvula influences gag reflex |
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Soft Palate |
Color, Size, shape Petechiae Ulcers, growths |
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Petechiae |
small red or purple spot on the skin, caused by a minor bleed. |
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Maxillary tuberosity |
Color, texture, firm |
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Retromolar Areas |
Color, texture |
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Tonsils/ Oropharnyx |
Color, texture lesions, swelling orulcerationsAre the tonsils present or not present |
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on the tongue the color white patches |
is bad, could be cancer not the papilla on top, on sides |
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Tongue |
Color, Texture, coated, swelling |
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Floor of mouth |
Color, swelling, masses, lesions |
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Salivary glands |
Palpaple or nonpalpable, enlargedmasses Saliva, quantity /quality |
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Alveolar Process |
Color, Swelling or bony masses, tori orexostosis |
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Gingiva |
Color, texture Abnormal findings |
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Teeth |
Number of teeth, in good repair,numerous carious lesions |
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maxillary frenums often have |
tissue tags. from denture too big, bulky, rough, etc. |
