Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
General NPLEX Contraindications (4)
|
- pacemakers
- over cancerous tumors - pregnancy - over metal implants |
|
|
Therapeutic ultrasound properties
|
mechanical and thermal energy
|
|
|
Coupling media for ultrasound
|
Water, Gel
|
|
|
Using water how much do you increase the intensity?
|
Add 0.5 W/cm2 to intensity`
|
|
|
Phonophoresis
|
use of ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topically applied drugs
|
|
|
Application of ultrasound
Intensity - Duty Cycle |
0.5-1.5 W / cm2
pulsed vs continuous 4 cm/sec 1ft lb pressure |
|
|
Duty cylce
pulsed - continuous - |
less heat
more heat |
|
|
Diathermy Radiofrequency
|
10 KHz to 300 GHz
|
|
|
Most common frequency of therapeutic sound wave device around the world
|
27.12 MHz (wavelength 11 m)
|
|
|
What type of radiation is diathermy?
|
nonionizing radiation
|
|
|
Indications for diathermy
|
*consider in any situation where deep heating may be indicated
* Greatest inherent depth of penetration potential with respect to heat |
|
|
Two types of diathermy application
|
Inductive method
Capacitive method |
|
|
Inductive method is _________? and uses _____ type of electrode?
|
Deep
use of single inductive type electrode wrapped around or positioned immediately over the treated body segment |
|
|
Capacitive Method is ________? and uses _________ type electrodes?
|
Shallow
Uses two capacitive type electrodes on either side of the treated body segment |
|
|
Inductive method
|
Mostly absorbed by tissues with high water content (muscles and joint synovial fluid)
- superficial muscle tissues heated first then deeper tissues heated via conduction |
|
|
Inductibe method electrode examples
|
* Flexible long cable
* Drums (coiled wire housed in casing) |
|
|
Capacitive method electrode examples
|
spaced plates
|
|
|
Capacitive method
|
most energy absorbed by tissues with high electrical impedance (skin and sub-Q fat)
Heat is strongest where the density of electromagnetic field is greates (nearest the electrodes = superficial) * recommended for treatment of superficial soft tissues |
|
|
Indications of UV/ IR therapies
|
preheating of tissues
|
|
|
Long Far IR
|
1500-15000nm
especially 3000-4000nm penetration of 1-2 mm |
|
|
Short IR
|
800-1500 nm
especially 1000nm penetration up to 10 mm |
|
|
Contraindications of UV/ IR therapies (3)
|
- heat sensitive skin
- persons with no pain sensation - persons who can not stay still during treatment |
|
|
Application of UV/ IR therapies
|
30-36 inches from source to tissue
|
|
|
Laser Light is _____, _____ &_______.
|
Monochromatic, coherent, and directional
|
|
|
What wavelength does BCNH use for LLLT lasers?
|
830 nm
|
|
|
Indications of LLLT
|
Tissue healing
Pain control (trigger points, radiculopathy) Nerve Healing |
|
|
Application of LLLT
|
- dependent on particular device
- clean skin (area to be treated) - Light remains perpendicular to the skin - Firm pressure (unless over open wounds) |
|
|
LLLT Approximate Dosage
open wounds Acute stage of injury Chronic Stage of injury |
19-24 J/cm2
4-8 J/cm2 up to 30 J/cm2 |
|
|
LLLT Approximate Dosage
neuropathic pain Trigger points |
10-12 J/cm2
10-20 J/cm2 |
|
|
How often should you treat the patient with LLLT?
|
About 3 times a week
|
|
|
Contraindications for LLLT
|
Pacemakers
Over eyes Over cancerous tumors over gravid uterus over endocrine glands (thyroid) areas of hemmorhage pts with photophobia/light sensitivity growing children (epiphyseal plates) |
|
|
2 Pain relief theories
|
The gate system
The opiate system |
|
|
Gate system occures at the
________, operates at the _______ level, inhibitory effect is presumed to occur at the _______ cells located in the _________ of the spinal cord |
occurs at the submotor threshold
operates at the spinal level pain trainsmitting cells (t-cells) dorsal horn |
