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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic Structure of Carbon as Building Block to Life |
- Makes up base of every organic molecule - Ability to form backbone of large/ diverse mlcls - Four bonding sites - Variety of shapes - Chiefly bonds with hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfure |
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Saturated VS Unsaturated |
Saturated: - Single bonds (alkane) - All have hydrogen or other atom bonded to it
Unsaturated: - Double or triple bonds (alkenes, alkynes) - Less bonding spots (because of ^)
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Hydroxyl |
- Is an OH bonded to hydrocarbon (alcohol) - Can make molecule polar ... hydrophilic - (found in CHO, FA, pr-, NA) - (is polar) |
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Carboxyl |
- Is a single bond OH and double bond OH
R-C=O - Polar | - Acidic OH - (found in FA and pr-) |
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Amino Group |
- Is an NH2 bonded to hydrocarbon - Polar - Amino acid side chains contribute to protein folding - (found in pr- and NA)
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Carbonyl Group |
- Is a double bonded O - Adelhyde (=O on end carbon) - Ketone (=O on middle carbon) - Polar - (found in CHO, FA, pr- and NA) |
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Sulfhydryl Group |
- Is an SH bonded to the hydrocarbon - Slightly polar (negligible) - Helps form proteins (contributes to 3rd folding) - (found in pr- [amino acids]) |
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Phosphate Group |
- Is a phosphate single bonded to two OH and one O. Double bonded to an O. OH - Polar | - Helps form basis of lipid bilayer R--O--P==O - Gives phospholipids their water | solubility head OH - (found in NA and ATP) |
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Condensation Reactions |
- Also known as dehydration reactions - Large molecules are joined by removal of water - Two reactant molecules join together - Most common method used to join smaller molecules and assemble larger ones. |
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Hydrolysis Reaction |
- Componants of water (2H+ and O-) are added to functional groups as the molecules breakdown - Water is used to split large molecules into smaller subunits |
