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304 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chloramphenicol
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bone marrow toxicity
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chloramphenicol
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inhibits hepatic oxidases
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chloramphenicol
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broad spectrum- G+ and G-(N menin, H inf, Salmonella, bacteroides)
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chloramphenicol
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grey baby syn
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bacteroides
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chloramphenicol, clindamycin, metronidazole,
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Clindamycin
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PCP alternative
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Clindamycin
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skin and soft tissue infections
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Clindamycin
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prophylaxis of endocarditis in pts allergic to pencillin
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fluoroquinilones
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theophylline, NSAIDs, corticosteroids increase toxicity of this
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ok in pregnancy
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Isoniazid, Rifampin, Ethampbutol, amoxicillin, tetracycline , tigecycline, aminoglycoside
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CI in pregnancy
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fluoroquiniline , trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, Nitrofurantoin,
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fluoroquinilones
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connective tissue problems , QT prolognation, superinfections
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Linezolid
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weak irreversible inhibitor of MAO
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Naficillin
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excreted in bile
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Pencillin
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AE- hypersnesicity
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Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
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maculopapular rash
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intersittial npehritis
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methicillin
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pseudomembrane colitis
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ampicillin
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ticacillin
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hematologic toxicity
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naficillin
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neutropenia
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oxacillin
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hepatitis
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cefazolin
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DOC for surgical prophylaxis
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2nd gen (cefaclor, cefoxitin, cefotetan, cefamandole)
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sinusiits, otitis, LRTI
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cofetetan and cefoxitin
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propylasis and therapy for abd and pelvic cavitiy infections
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ceftriaxone (3)
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DOC for pencillin resistant gonorreal
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ceftriaxone (3)
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DOC for meningitis due to ampliccilin H infleunza
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ceftriaxone (3)
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tx of lyme disease(CNS or joint)
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ceftriaxone (3)
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prophylaxis of meninigits in exposed individuals
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cefoperazone+ceftazidime (3)
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P aeuriginoas
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cefepime (4)
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parental only
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cephalosporin
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minor infection to pencilin pts are given?
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carbepens
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DOC for enterobacter
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DOC for extended spectrum B lactamase production G-
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aztreonam
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g negative rods only
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vancomycin
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g positive bacteiral only
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vancomycin
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red man sydnrome
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daptomycin
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tx of complicated skin/sturcutre infections caused by S aurues
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daptomycin
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elevated creatineine phosphokinases
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bacitracin
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topical due to marked nephrotoxicity
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fosfomycin
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tx for uncomplicated UTIs
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tetracycline
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severe acne and rosaciea
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tetracycline
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community acquired pnumonia out pts
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tetracycline
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syhilis in pts allergic to penicillin
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tetracycline
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DOC for chlamydia
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tetracycline
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DOC for mycoplasma
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tetracycline
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DOC for lyme disease
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tetracycline
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DOC for cholera
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tetracycline
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DOC for anthrax propylaixs
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tetracycline
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DOC for rickettsia
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docycline
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STDs and prostaticis
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minocycline
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eradication of meningococcal carrier state
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clofazime
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red brown discloration of skin
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dapsone
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erythema nodosum leprosum
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pyrazinamide
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nongouty polyathralgia
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ethambutol
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dose dependent visual disturbances
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isoniazid
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peripheral neuritis
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pencillin G
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doc for syphilis
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pencillin G
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DOC for strep infections
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pencillin G
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DOC in suspetible pnumocooi
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pencillins
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secondary infection of vaginal candiadisis
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cefamandole, cefoperazone, cefotetam
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hypoprothrombineia, disulfiram like rxns
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vancomycin
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resistance- modification of D-ala-Dala
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tetracycline
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tx of plague, tularemia, brucellosis
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aminoglycosides
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once daily dosing
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aminoglycosides
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amikacin, gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin, neopmycin, netilimicin
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aminoglycosides
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otoxic and nephrotoxic
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macrolides
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erythromycin, clarithromycin, azithromycin, telitrhomycin
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telithromycin
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fatal hepatoxicity
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chloramphenicol
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topical treatment of ear and eye infections
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moxifloxin, gemifloxacin
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community acquired pnumonia
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levoflaxcin
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prostitis, STDs
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Ciporfolxin
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travelers diarrhea, meningiits prophylaxis
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sulfanamides
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inhbit dihydropetroate syntahse
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trimethoprim
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inhibts didhyrofolate reductase
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suflonamides
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UC, entertitis IBD
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sulfanamides
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crystalluria+kernicterus
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trimethoprim
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antifolate effects
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cotrimoxazole
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DOC for PCP
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cotrimoxazole
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DOC for norcaoidsosi and toxoplasmosis
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metronidazole
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brain abscesses
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metronidazole
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disufiram like effect
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fluroquinlones
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tendon rupture/damange in fetus
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neitrofurantoin
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hemolytic anemia in fetus
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aminoglycosides
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damange to VIII cranial nerve
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metronidazole or vancomycin
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tx for c difficiline
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metronidazole
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DOC for tricamonas
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amibicllin
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DOC for proteus
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docycline
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DOC for rickettsia
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oseltamivir, zanamivir
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neuraminidase inhibitors
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zanamivir
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airway irritaiton
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amantidine, rimatadine
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ion channel blockers
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ribavarin
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prevents viral mRNA capping
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ribavarin
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pregenacy category X
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interferons
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flu like, fatigue mental depression- AE
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interferon alpha
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HCV, HBC, condyloma acumnata, hairy cell, kapisis
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interferon B
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MS
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adefovir
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severe exacerbation of hepatitis
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ganciclovir
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DOC for CMV retitnitis and CMV prophylaxis in immunocomprised
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cidofovir
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requires activation by host cell kinase, not phosphorylated by viral kinase, CMV retinitis in HIV/AIDS
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trifuluridine
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DOC for HSV keratoconjunctivitis and recurrent epithelial keratitis
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fomivirsen
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use for CMV when other therapies for CMV fail
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foscarnet
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nephtrotoxicity and hypocalcemia
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amantidine, rimatadine
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inhibit uncoating by blocking M2 proton channel
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fomiverin
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inhibits CMV protein syntehsi, AE- visual issues
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foscarnet
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no phpshorylation required, CMV in immunocompr and acyclo resistant, viral DNA pol inhibits, AE- nephro, hypocalcemia, CNS
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vidarabine, trifulride
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HSV keratitis, keratoconjuncitivity, AE- light sensivity
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penciclovir
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HSV- cold sores, recurrent gen herpes in immunocomprise, viral kinase , topical tx
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ganciclovir
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AE- mylosupression DOC for CMV retinitis
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acyclovir
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AE- renal dysfunction and GI disturbance
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amantidine, rimatadine
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blocks M2 proton channel, AE- GI, CNS(amnamtidine)
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ribavarin
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teratogenic, RSV, HepC, prevents viral mRNA capping
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Lamivudine, Adefovir, Entecarvi, Telbivudine
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phos by cellulary kiasne AE- severe hepatitis after discontiuation
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vidarabine
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adenine analog
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trifuluridine
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thymidine analog, DOC for HSV keratoconjuscitivity
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famcilcovir
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acute herpes zoster infections and reucrrent genital herpes in immunocrompromised
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acylovir IV
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acute renal failure
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acyclovir
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compltes with dGTP, chain termination and inhibit viral DNA pol
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acyclovir
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DOC for HSV encephalitis
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telbivudine
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HBV
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entacavir
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lamivuidne resistant HBV and HIV , AE- severe hepatitis
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adefovir
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Hep B, HIV, AE- severe hepatits
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Lamivudine
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Hep B and HIV
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ribavarin
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pregnancy cateogry X , prevents viral mRNA capping, against RSV, HCV,lassa
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amanitidne, rimainatide
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CI in pregnancy and nuring
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zanavir
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inhaled neurandimase inhibitor
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ursodiol
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dissovles gall stones in bile ducts
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pancreatic enzymes
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tx for chronic pancreatitis, maabsortion syndrome
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diphenoxylate and loperamidie
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toxic megacolon
|
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droperidon haloperidol , prochlorperazine , metocloprimonade
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blcoks D2 recetors
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lactulose
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tx of heaptic encephalotpahty that prvents hyperammonia
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Metaclorpomaide
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CI in Parkinsons
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Metaclorpomaide
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diabetic gastroperises, anti emetic and GERD
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pirenzepine and dicylcomine
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muscarinic antagonists used for IBS
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misoprostol
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prevention of gastric ulcers induced by NSAIDs
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sucralfate
|
requires acid pH for plymeraziation
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cimetidine
|
gynecomastia, galtorreha, reduced sperm count
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calcrium carbomnate
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kidney stoens
|
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aluminum hdyroxide
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constipation
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MgOH
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diarrhea
|
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HIV CI
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live vaccines- MMR, varicella, zoster
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HIV prolypalctic vaccines
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s pneumo, hep A, hep B, infeluza
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les severe needle stick
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2NRTIs+AZT+lamivudine
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more severe needle still
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3 drgus 2 NRTIs+PI or NNRTI
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recommendation for HIV drug in pregnancy
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ritonavir boosted lopinavir+zidovudine/lamivudine
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iftants of HV infected moms
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zidovudine(6w)
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INSTI based regimen
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raltegavir, tenofovir, emitricitabine
|
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NNRTI based regimen
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efavirenz+tenofovir+emtricitabine
|
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PI based regimen
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ritovair boosted atazanivir or darunavir+tenofovir+ emtricitabine
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raltegravir
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UGT1A1 glucornation
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raltegravir
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binds to integrase and inhibits first step of intergration, tx experienced and navie
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Maraviroc
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CCR5 binder, blocks HIV entry, CYP3A4
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Enfufirtide
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AE- injection, no DI , inhibits viral fusion, tx experienced, simlar to gp41
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Pis
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end in navir
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Nelfinavir
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cant be boosted by rtv, CYPs
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lopinavir
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preferrenzed PI, enzyme inducer(CYP), avoid disufiram or metronidazole
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atazinavir
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ATV+RTV only daily preferred PI, sturcturally not rel to Pis, CYP3A4, admin separate from H2B or antasis, less side effects than other Pis
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|
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Tipranavir
|
use when reistant to other Pis, CYP inducer, fatal helatptis and intracranial hmeorage
|
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Darunavir
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use when reistant to other Pis, CYP inducer
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ritonavir
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PK enhancer, booskter of other Pis, CYP inhibot
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saquinavir
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take with high fat meal
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indinavirl
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absorptions decreased with meanls
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PI resistance
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mutations in protease gene
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PI AE
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GI inholerance, parestisea, lipid metabolism, fat redistribution and accumualtion
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atazinavir
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less side effects than other Pis
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efavirenz
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preffered NNRTI, once a day, CNS AE+rash, cat D in pregnacy , CYP inducer
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etravirine
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tx ecp pts, CYP metab, transamination elevation+rash, CI- CYP drugs
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Delaviridine
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CYP, not as widely sued due to shrot half life- AE- rash, teratogenic
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neivirapine
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CYP inducer, rapid restance, AE- hepatotxicty, rash, needs 14d titratoin to reduce rash risk
|
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NNRTIs AE
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skin rash and CYP rxns
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NNRTIs
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non compeitibve HIV1 inh of RT, inh RNA and DNA dep DNA poly, DOES NOT REQUIRE PHSOPHORYLATION
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Abacavir
|
AE- hypersensitivty rash, don’t give to sensitive pt , guanisine analog
|
|
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Emtricitabine
|
preferre NRTIs, cytidine analog, AE- hyperpigmentation of plams and soles
|
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Lamivudine
|
no effect on mitrochronial DNA syn, high resistance, cytidine analog
|
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tenofovir
|
guanosine analog, DI with didanoside(increase conc) and azatanir(decreased cons), take with food
|
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didanosine
|
AE- pancreatitis, CI- stavudine, adenosine analogue, take fasting
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zidovudine
|
bone marrow supression, thymidine analog, BBB penetrator
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stavudine
|
inh of B and gamma DNA pol, AE- peripheral neuropathy and lactic acidosis
|
|
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NRTIS AE
|
due to mitochdonrial inhibit of DNA pol- peripheral neupahty, pancreatitis, liportais, liver toxiciy can be fatal
|
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NRTI MOA
|
terminated DNA elongation b/c clacks 3 OH, comptitive inhibitor of RT, HIV 1 and 2
|
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NNRTIs naming
|
have vir in the middle
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NRTIS naming
|
vudine
|
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teribinadine
|
inhibits squaline epoxide which inhibits ergestrol
|
|
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amphotercin
|
binds to ergestrol and forms pores
|
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flucytosine
|
inhibits thymidylate synthtease which inhibits dTMP
|
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azole
|
inibits 14 alpha sterol demymehtlase
|
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capsifungin
|
inhibits syntheiss of B 1-3 D glucans in fungal cell wall
|
|
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griseofulvin
|
disrupts mitotic simples and inhibits mitosis
|
|
|
Amph B AE
|
infuion related+nephrotxic, less with lipid ones
|
|
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flucytosine AE
|
bone marrow toxciicty+ 5-FU toxic metabolitte, enters CSF
|
|
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ketoconazole
|
gynecomastia
|
|
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teribinadine AE
|
no drug interaciotns
|
|
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Fluconazole
|
DOC for esophageal, oral, vaginal candiaics
|
|
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Fluconazole
|
DOC invasive candiadias infection
|
|
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Fluconazole
|
DOC for coccoides
|
|
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Fluconazole
|
DOC for matain cocicdes
|
|
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Fluconazole
|
propyhylaixs for crytocossus
|
|
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itraconazole
|
DOC for aspergillus
|
|
|
voriconazole
|
DOC for invasive aspergillus
|
|
|
posaconazole
|
mucor
|
|
|
griseofulvin
|
dermatophotises
|
|
|
clotrimiazole and micronaole
|
topical azomes
|
|
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clotimazole
|
DOC for PCP
|
|
|
chloruqine sensitive in preg women
|
chloroqine
|
|
|
chrlorquine res in preg women
|
mefloquine
|
|
|
malaria propylaxis where chlorquine resistant
|
mefloquine , doxycycline, primaquine
|
|
|
severe malaira in pregnant women
|
quinine or artersunate in first tripmester, 2nd and 3rd- artesunate and atemetehr
|
|
|
severe malaria
|
quininidine+doxyclycline, tetracycline or clindamycin, artesunate+atovaquone-progunail, doxycline, or mefloquine
|
|
|
uncomplicated malaria p falciparum
|
chroquine reistance, atovquote-proguanil, artemeter-lumenfratine
|
|
|
uncomplicated malaria p falciparum
|
chloroquineine sensitive, recommended- chloroquine/hydrochlorouine
|
|
|
umcomplicated malaira/p malarie
|
recommended- chloroquine, hydrochloroquine
|
|
|
Halofantine AE
|
teratogenic
|
|
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artemisin
|
short half life, generates free radicals by binding to iron, use in 2nd or third trimester
|
|
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artemisin
|
tx of severe, MDR p malcipaurm
|
|
|
docyclcine/tetraclycine AE
|
photoensiivty, CI in pregnancy(hepatotxocity)
|
|
|
docycline+quinine
|
severe falcipaurm malaria
|
|
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proguianil
|
folate systehsis inhibitor, mouth ulcers, alopecia
|
|
|
prymethambine-sulfadones,
|
steven johnson synme, erythema mutliform, epidermal necrosis
|
|
|
sufonamide MOA
|
dihyropetroate synthase inhibitor
|
|
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pyrimethamine and proguanil MOA
|
inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
|
|
|
prymetahime-sulfoxamine
|
chrooquine res malaria, DO NOT sue in severe malaira
|
|
|
atovaquone MOA
|
disrupts mitocondrial electrol transport
|
|
|
primaquine
|
CI in pregnancy
|
|
|
malarone
|
atovaquone+proguanil
|
|
|
primaquine
|
DOC for liver forms of P vivax and P ovale
|
|
|
mefloquine
|
weeky prophylactic dsoing
|
|
|
mefloquine AE
|
CNS toxcitiei
|
|
|
mefloquine
|
DOC as prophylaxis in preg women
|
|
|
meflowuine and artesunate
|
uncomp malaria in SE asia
|
|
|
Quinidine CI
|
cardiac problems, visual or audtiory problems, mefloquine
|
|
|
quinidine in preg women
|
if benefits outweigh risks
|
|
|
quindine and quinine AE
|
hypotension, ECG abnomlaities, black water fever , cinchonism, uterine contractions, hypoglycemia, hyerspensivity
|
|
|
quinine
|
oral, umcomp maalria
|
|
|
quindine
|
severe malaria, IV
|
|
|
chloroquine
|
prevents polymeraization to hemozoin
|
|
|
complciated malaria
|
coma, anemia, renal failure, pul edema, resp distress, shock, DIC, bleeidng, hemoglobinura, convuslions
|
|
|
p falciparunm
|
rapid progressive severe illness or death
|
|
|
p vivax and p ovale
|
hypnozoites in liver
|
|
|
lab dx of malaria
|
thick or think blood smear
|
|
|
malaria praxoysm
|
fever, anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly
|
|
|
mosquito that incoulates plasmodium
|
anopheline mosquito
|
|
|
leishmanais
|
sodium stibogluconate/amph B
|
|
|
tx of toxoplasmosis
|
pryrimateine+clindamycin OR sufadizin OR folicinic acid
|
|
|
PCP hemolytic stages
|
pentamide
|
|
|
trypanosomiasis
|
melarsoprol or suramin
|
|
|
metronidazole
|
DOC for giardia and trichomonas vaginalis
|
|
|
fasciola hepatica DOC
|
bithionol
|
|
|
Shistosoma DOC
|
praziquantel
|
|
|
paragonimus westermani
|
praziquantel
|
|
|
Echinococus granulosus
|
albendazole
|
|
|
taenia solium
|
praziquantel or niclosamide
|
|
|
taenia saginanta
|
praziquantel or niclosamide
|
|
|
cysticercosis
|
albendazole or praziquantel
|
|
|
diphyllbothrium
|
praziquiantel
|
|
|
ascardis lumbroicodies DOC round worm
|
albendazo,e pyrantel pamoate, mebednazole
|
|
|
entrobius vernmicularis DOC, pin worm
|
mebendazole or pyrantel pamoate
|
|
|
whip worm, trichirus trichura DOC
|
mebendazole or albendazole
|
|
|
hook worm, anclycostoma dudoneale, necator americanus DOC
|
pyrantel pamoate or mebendazole or albendazole
|
|
|
onchocerca volvulus (river blindness)- DOC
|
ivermectin
|
|
|
cutaeous larva migrans
|
albendazole or ivermectin
|
|
|
DOC visceral larva migrans
|
albendazole
|
|
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trichenra spiralis DOC
|
albendazole or mebendazole, cortocoistersd for sever infection
|
|
|
lyphatic filiaris DOC
|
diethycarbamazine
|
|
|
loiasis DOC
|
diethycarbamazine
|
|
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strongyloidasis DOC thread worm
|
ivermectin
|
|
|
niclosamide pK
|
give with laxative since doenst kill ova, avoid aclohol
|
|
|
praquqantel AE
|
CI in pregnacy, CI in tx of ocular cysticercosis , first pass emtabolsim
|
|
|
praziquante
|
DOC of shistosomias, tremadie and cestode
|
|
|
cysticercosis DOC
|
albendazole
|
|
|
praziquantel MOA
|
contracture and paralysis of worm
|
|
|
diethycarbamazine
|
DOC for tx of lymphatic fialrias, loisaiss and trpicl eospinophia
|
|
|
diethycarbamazine MOA
|
immobilizes microfilirae
|
|
|
piperazine + ivermectin MOA
|
GABA agonist
|
|
|
Piperzine Use
|
tx of pinworm and round worm
|
|
|
Piperazine AE
|
CI in seizure pts
|
|
|
pyrantel pamoate
|
roundworm, pinworm, hook worm
|
|
|
pyrantel pamoate
|
depolrizing neuromuscular blocker
|
|
|
ivermectin AE
|
mazotti rxn(dizziness, fever, somnolence, hypotneion), CI in pregancy, CI in meningitis
|
|
|
thiabendazome
|
threadworm, cutanous larba migrans, thrichonoss
|
|
|
thiabendazole MOA
|
affects microtubular aggregation, CNS distrubances, CI in pregnancy , steven johnson and ertyrhema
|
|
|
mebendazole DOC
|
whip worm, pink worm, hook worm, round worm
|
|
|
Albendazol AE
|
hepatoxitiy in hyatid tx, CI in pregancy, inf due to dying arasites in CNS, convulsions
|
|
|
nematodes
|
elongated round worms, complte digestive system, blood and itsue infeciton
|
|
|
tremadote
|
flat, in liver, intestine, blood, flukes
|
|
|
helminths
|
flat and segemtned, lack mouth and digestive system, attach to host intestine
|
|
|
diloxdamie furoaet
|
asymptomatic intestinal amebiais infection
|
|
|
metronidazole+luminal agent
|
mild-mod intestinal infeciton
|
|
|
metrodianze or tinazole+luminal agent
|
severe intestinal infeciotn
|
|
|
metronidazole or tinidazole+luminal agent
|
hepatic abscess+etraintestinal disease
|
|
|
luminal DOC for amebiais
|
diloxanide fluorate
|
|
|
emetine and dehydrmeme AE
|
pain at site of infeciton
|
|
|
emetine and dehydrmeme AE
|
back up for tx of severe intesitnal or hepatic amebiais
|
|
|
paramomycin AE
|
gi distress and diarrhea
|
|
|
paramyocin
|
only agaisnt luminal E histolipical
|
|
|
lodoquinol
|
lumnaim trophozite and cyst forms of E histolyica
|
|
|
metronidazole AE
|
GI ditress and disulfarm
|
|
|
metrodnizaole MOA
|
reduced by reacting with reduced ferroxin
|
|
|
metronidaozle
|
DOC for invasive amebaissi
|
|
|
metronxiaole
|
giardia, trichomonas vaginalis, anaerobic cocci, anaerobic g- bacilli, H pylori eradicaton
|
|
|
cysts of E hystlocyla
|
can survive ousode of body
|
