Hy Gi

Front 1

signs of liver failure

Back 1

coagulopathy that can not be corrected by Vit K, jaundice secondary to hyperbilirubinemia, hypoalbuminemia, ascites, portal hypertension, hyperammonia leading to encephalopathy, hypoglycemia, and DIC

Front 2

alcoholic hepatitis

Back 2

MC liver disease, AST:ALT is usually 2:1, fatty liver, mallory bodies

Front 3

MCC of cirrhosis

Back 3

alcohol

Front 4

alcohol + smoking

Back 4

increase risk of oral, esophagus and laryngeal ca

Front 5

MCC of esophagitis in AIDS patients

Back 5

herpes

Front 6

esophagogastric lacerations

Back 6

mallory-weiss syndrome

Front 7

viral hep

Back 7

Hep B, C, and D are transmitted parenterallya nd can lead to chronic infection and eventually to cirrhosis and hepatic ca

Front 8

complications of terminal ileum resection

Back 8

Vit B12 def

Front 9

complications of duodenum resection

Back 9

Fe def

Front 10

complications of jejunum resection

Back 10

folate and most of the water (dehydration)

Front 11

benign congenital unconjugated bilirubinemia

Back 11

gilbert's syndrome

Front 12

jaundice/hyperbilirubinemia in neonates

Back 12

usually physiologic

Front 13

juandice/hyperbilirubinemia at birth

Back 13

usually pathologic

Front 14

congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Back 14

crigler-najjar syndrome

Front 15

honey ingestion

Back 15

infant botulism

Front 16

sentinal loops

Back 16

pancreatitis

Front 17

acute pancreatitis

Back 17

mostly due to alcohol and gallstones, ab pain, nausea/vomiting and elevated lipase and amylase. Pain is relieved by sitting forward. Complications include pseudocyst, abscess and ARDS. Tx by keeping patient NPO and IV hydration

Front 18

chronic pancreatitis

Back 18

mostly due to alcohol (adults) and cystic fibrosis (children)

Front 19

grey-turner's sign

Back 19

(pancreatitis with hemorrhage) Flank bluish-grayish discoloration

Front 20

painless jaundice

Back 20

pancreatic CA associated with CA19-9

Front 21

mcburney's sign

Back 21

(appendicitis) tenderness at ~2in supermedial to ASIS

Front 22

rovsing sign

Back 22

(appendicitis) pushing on the left side of the abdomen elicits pain on the right side

Front 23

murphy's sign

Back 23

(cholecystitis) arrest of inspiration during palpation of the rib cage area on the right

Front 24

acute cholecystitis

Back 24

female fat forty and fertile

Front 25

what are the tests to order in suspected cholecystitis

Back 25

1st US and then HIDA scan

Front 26

MCC of esophageal ca

Back 26

GERD --> Barret (metaplasia) --> adenocarcinoma

Front 27

MCC bacteria associated with CA

Back 27

H. pylori

Front 28

gastrin secreting tumor associated with ulcers

Back 28

zollinger ellison

Front 29

sudden severe ab pain with peritoneal signs and air under the diaphragm in x-ray

Back 29

perforated ulcer

Front 30

other common causes of esophageal ca

Back 30

smoking and alcohol

Front 31

right sided colorectal ca

Back 31

bleeds

Front 32

left sided colorectal ca

Back 32

obstructs

Front 33

to distinguish upper GI bleed from lower one

Back 33

look at nasogastric tube aspirate (if + for bld, then UGIB, otherwise it's LGIB)

Front 34

MCC of lower GI bleed

Back 34

diverticulitis

Front 35

gum hyperplasia

Back 35

phenytoin, pregnancy, AML, and scurvy

Front 36

curling's ulcer

Back 36

acute gastric ulcer secondary to severe burn

Front 37

cushing's ulcer

Back 37

acute gastric ulcer secondary to CNS injury

Front 38

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 38

MC GI complaint, dx of exclusion, usually in young, anxious, female patients. alternating cycles of diarrhea and constipation

Front 39

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):
crohn's disease

Back 39

(abdominal pain) begins at distal ileum/proximal colon and spreads in both (proximal and distal) direction from mouth to anus, its lesion is transmural and presents as skip lesion, it is associated with fistulas and abscesses, you will see string sign on x-ray, surgery is not curative.

Front 40

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):
ulcerative colitis

Back 40

(bloody diarrhea) starts at rectum and moves proximally, the lesion only affects the mucus and the submucosa and it is continuous, forms pseudopolyps and hence increases the rish of colon ca, can lead to megacolon. Surgery curative

Front 41

inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):
extra-intestinal signs

Back 41

uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, pyoderma gangrenosum (picture of black spots on the legs), erythema nodosum and primary sclerosing cholangitis

Front 42

rectal prolapse and meconium ileus

Back 42

cystic fibrosis

Front 43

currant jelly stool in children

Back 43

intussesception secondary to adeno virus

Front 44

Charcot's triad

Back 44

(cholangitis) Fever/chills, jaundice and RUQ abdominal pain

Front 45

gardener's syndrome

Back 45

disease leading to colon polyps and hence increasing risk of colon ca

Front 46

diverticulum in the upper GI

Back 46

zenker's diverticulum

Front 47

MCC of diarrhea

Back 47

campylobacter

Front 48

MCC of diarrhea after extensive abx use

Back 48

clostridium

Front 49

MCC of diarrhea after camping

Back 49

giardia

Front 50

MCC of diarrhea after traveling

Back 50

ETEC

Front 51

MCC of diarrhea after eating fried rice

Back 51

bacillus cereus

Front 52

MCC of diarrhea after eating potato salad (mayo)

Back 52

staph aureus

Front 53

MCC of diarrhea after eating uncooked hamburger

Back 53

EHEC

Front 54

MCC of diarrhea in AIDS pts

Back 54

cryptosporidium

Front 55

MCC od diarrhea after eating raw seafood

Back 55

vibrio

Front 56

MCC of diarrhea after eating eggs or chicken

Back 56

salmonella

Front 57

oliguria + bloody diarrhea in child

Back 57

hemolytic uremic syndrome secondary to EHEC

Front 58

drug induced hepatitis

Back 58

TB meds (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, and tetracycline

Front 59

2 organs affected by acetaminophen

Back 59

liver and kidney (renal medulla)

Front 60

absence of myenteric ganglion

Back 60

achalasia

Front 61

pseudomembranous colitis

Back 61

secondary to clostridium difficile infection after prolonged use of abx. dx is made upon isolation of c. diff toxin from stool. tx with either metronidazole or vancomycin

Front 62

MCC of abdominal abscess

Back 62

bacteroides fragilis (usually below the diaphragm)

Front 63

jail break out of hepatitis

Back 63

HAV

Front 64

IVDU hepatitis

Back 64

HCV

Front 65

MCC od chronic hepatitis

Back 65

HCV

Front 66

dysphagia + foul smelling breath odor

Back 66

zenker's diverticulum (espophageal diverticulum)

Front 67

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD):
gastric ulcer

Back 67

burning epigastric pain increases with eating and decreases

Front 68

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD):
duodenal ulcer

Back 68

more common, burning epigastric pain 1-3 hours after eating, pain relieved by food

Front 69

Foamy macrophages in lamina propria

Back 69

whipple's disease

Front 70

dysphagia for solid foods only

Back 70

obstruction/stricture (plummer vinson and esophageal ca)

Front 71

dysphagia for solids and liquids

Back 71

peristalsis problem (scleroderma, DM, polymyositis

Front 72

female + increase AP + pruritis + antimitochondrial AB

Back 72

primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 73

MCC of obstructive jaundice

Back 73

choledocholithiasis (stone in the common bile duct)

Front 74

cholelithiasis

Back 74

female, fat, forty, fertile, flatulant