Hy Embryology 10 Part 2

Front 1

Describe appendix testis

Back 1

Vestigial remnants of the paramesonephric duct (called the appendix testis) may be found in the adult male

Front 2

Describe the development of the mesonephric (Wolffian) ducts and tubules

Back 2

1. The mesonephric ducts develop in the male as part of the urinary system because these ducts are critical in the formation of the definitive metanephric kidney

2. The mesonephric ducts then proceed to additionally form the epididymis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory duct

3. A few mesonephric tubules in the region of the testes form the efferent ductules of the testes

4. Vestigial remnants of the mesonephric duct (called the appendix epididymis) may be found in the adult male. Vestigial remnants of the mesonephric tubules (called the paradidymis) also may be found in the adult male

3.

Front 3

Describe the formation of the efferent ductules

Back 3

A few mesonephric tubules in the region of the testes form the efferent ductules of the testes

Front 4

Describe the appendix epididymis

Back 4

Vestigial remnants of the mesonephric duct (called the appendix epididymis) may be found in the adult male.

Front 5

Describe the paradidymis

Back 5

Vestigial remnants of mesonephric tubules (called paradidymis) also may be found in the adult male

Front 6

Describe the development of primordia of external genitalia

Back 6

1. A proliferation of mesoderm around the cloacal membrane causes the overlying ectoderm to rise up so that three structures are visible externally: the phallus, urogenital folds, and labioscrotal swellings

2. The phallus forms the penis (glans penis, corpora cavernosa penis, and corpus spongiosum penis)

3. The urogenital folds form the ventral aspect of the penis (ie, penile raphe)

4. The labioscrotal swellings form the scrotum

Front 7

Describe the development of the scrotum

Back 7

The labioscrotal swellings form the scrotum

Front 8

Describe the development of the ventral aspect of the penis (penile raphe)

Back 8

The urogenital folds form the ventral aspect of the penis (penile raphe)

Front 9

Describe hypospadias

Back 9

1. Hypospadias occurs when the urethral folds fail to fuse completely resulting in the external urethreal orifice opening onto the ventral surface of the penis

2. Hypospadias is generally associated with a poorly developed penis that curves ventrally, known as chordee.

Front 10

Describe chordee

Back 10

A poorly developed penis that curves ventrally. Associated with hypospadias

Front 11

Describe epispadias

Back 11

Epispadias occurs when the external urethral orifice opens onto the dorsal surface of the penis. It is generally associated with exstrophy of the bladder

Front 12

What male genital anomaly is associated with exstrophy of the bladder?

Back 12

Epispadias, which occurs when the external urethral orifice opens onto the dorsal surface of the penis

Front 13

Describe undescended testes

Back 13

1. Undescended testes occur when the testes fail to descend into the scrotum.

2. Descent of the testes is evident within 3 months after birth.

3. Bilateral cryptorchidism results in sterility.

4. The undescended testes may be found in the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal canal

Front 14

Where may undescended testes be found?

Back 14

In the abdominal cavity or in the inguinal canal

Front 15

What is the result of bilateral cryptorchidism?

Back 15

Sterility

Front 16

When is the descent of the testes evident?

Back 16

Within 3 months after birth

Front 17

Describe hydrocele of the testes

Back 17

1. Hydrocele of the testes occurs when a small patency of the processus vaginalis remains so that peritoneal fluid can flow into the processus vaginalis, which results in a fluid-filled cyst near the testes.

2. This demonstrates as a scrotal enlargement that transilluminates due to persistence of tunica vaginalis.

Front 18

How does a testicular hydrocele demonstrate?

Back 18

As a scrotal enlargement that transilluminates due to persistence of tunica vaginalis

Front 19

Describe congenital inguinal hernias

Back 19

Congenital inguinal hernias occur when a large patency of the processus vaginalis remains so that a loop of intestine may herniate into the scrotum or labia majora. It is most common in males and is generally associated with cryptorchidism

Front 20

Are congenital inguinal hernias more common in males or females?

Back 20

Males

Front 21

What are congenital inguinal hernias generally associated with?

Back 21

Cryptorchidism