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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HTN
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BP> 140/90
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cardiac output
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-stroke volume x heart rate
-rate of O2 consumption /(arterial O2 - venous O2) |
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tx for acute coronary syndrome
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(MI or unstable angina): O2, morphine, nitroglycerine, ASA, IV b-blocker, HMG-Coa reductase inhibitor heparin and clopidogrel
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tx for CHF
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Diuretics (furosemide), b-blocker (only in stable pts), ACE inhibitors and aldosterone antagonist (spironolactone)
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cause of cough in pts taking ACE inhibitor
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bradykinin
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ACE inhibitors
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increase renin and AT I, decrease AT II and aldosterone
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HTN emergency can lead to
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headache, dizziness, blurry vision, papilledema, altered mental status, intracerebral hemorrhage (mostly basal ganglia, renal failure (azotemia), angina and heart failure
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secondary causes of HTN
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renal artery stenosis, coarction of aorta, pheochromocytoma, conn's syndrome (primary aldosteronism), cushing's syndrome, hyperthyroidism
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MCC of HTN in young females
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oral contraceptive
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MCC of HTN in young men
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alcohol
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MCC of secondary HTN
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atherosclerosis of renal artery
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the metabolic syndrome (prothrombotic and proingflammatory)
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Abdominal obesity, increased TG, decreased HDL, and insulin resistance
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number 1 rish factor of stroke
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HTN
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initial tx of HTN
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diet, exercise, weight loss, stop alcohol and smoking
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tx for htn in diabetic patients
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ACE inhibitor
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HTN + proteinuria
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preeclampsia until proven otherwise
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HTN + hypokalemia
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Conn's syndrome
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Aortic dissection + len's dislocation + joint hyperflexibility
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Marfan's syndrome
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Cotton wool spots
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Chronic HTN
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Classic ECG findings in:
atrial flutter |
sawtooth p-waves
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Classic ECG findings in:
pericarditis |
low voltage diffuse ST elevation (concave shape), PR depression
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Classic ECG findings in:
acute MI |
st elevation, flattened t-waves
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Classic ECG findings in:
old MI |
q-waves
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Classic ECG findings in:
ischemia |
st depression (exception post MI which also has a tall R wave in V2)
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Classic ECG findings in:
hyperkalemia |
tall t-waves
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Classic ECG findings in:
hypokalemia |
flat t-wave and U-waves
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Classic ECG findings in:
hypocalcemia |
QT prolongation
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Classic ECG findings in:
hypercalcemia |
QT shortening
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Classic ECG findings in:
primary AV block |
prolonged PR interval (>0.2s)
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pulsus paradoxus
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(fall in BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration) cardiac tamponade (hypotension, distant heart sound and JVD)
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LDL target:
in DM |
<100
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LDL target:
in pts with many risk factors or MI |
<70
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