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136 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
BZD1 agonists
zolpidem
zaleplon
eszopiclone
hypnotic with a bitter aftertaste
eszopiclone
BDZs used in elderly
oxazepam
lorazepam
BDZs used in liver disease
oxazepam lorazepam
BDZs that form active metabolites, which can accumulate with chronic use
flurazepam
quazepam
BDZ with the fastest onset
triazolam
hypnotics that cause REM rebound
barbituates
what is REM rebound
drugs decrease REM sleep, which leads to an increase in REM when taken off
hypnotic that can be eliminated faster by alkalizing the urine
phenobarbital
hypnotics that cause respiratory depression
barbituates
hypnotics that cause decreased BP and HR
barbituates
barbituate effect on P450
inducer
hypnotics that keep the GABA channel open longer
barbituates
hypnotics that open the GABA channel more frequently
BZDs
barbituates used to help fall asleep
pentobarb
secobarb
barbituates used to help stay asleep
amobarb
nonbarbituate used to help fall asleep
ramelteon
hypnotic that is easy to have fatal overdose due to little tolerance buildup of fatal effects
barbituates
abrupt withdrawal of this hypnotic can be fatal
barbituates
nervous
weak
insomnia
tremors
early barbituate withdrawal
nausea and vomiting
delerium
fever
convulsions
late barbituate withdrawal
method of withdrawal of barbituates
wean off
substitute with phenobarbital
used to treat cataplexy
sodium oxybate (GHB)
breakdown product of GABA that acts as a neuromodulator
sodium oxylate (GHB)
hypnotic with highly offensive odor
paraldehyde
OTC hypnotics
melatonin
antihistamine
valerian
OTC hypnotic that may help with jet lag
melatonin
hypnotic used in children in elderly in whom BZDs and barbituates cause excitation
chloral hydrate
BZD with shortest half life
triazolam
anxiolytic BZDs that do not form active metabolites
temazepam
oxazepam
lorazepam
flurazepam
anxiolytics that work as positive allosteric modulators of GABA receptors
BDZs
anxiolytics that increase the frequency of GABA channel opening
BZDs
anxiolytic that can cause anterograde amnesia at high doses
BZDs
anxiolytic that causes sk. muscle relaxation
BZDs
anxiolytic that acts as an anticonvulsant
BZDs
most common side effect of BZDs
sedation
tolerance can develop to what effects of BZDs
anxiolytic and hypnotic effects
decreases the effect of BDZs
smoking and coffee
increase effectiveness of BZDs
SSRIs
grapefruit juice
BZD receptor antagonist
flumazenil
BDZ used in tx of alcohol withdrawal
diazepam
chlordiazepoxide
lorazepam
BDZ used as preanesthetic medication
diazepam
BDZ used for conscious sedation
midazolam
BDZ that is DOC for status epilepticus
diazepam
used to tx GAD in pt. with hx of substance abuse
buspirone
effects of alcohol on BZDs
enhance effects
disadvantage of buspirone compared to BZD
slow onset (can't use for acute anxiety)
antidepressants used as anxiolytics
clomipramine
fluvoxamine
types of anxiety that are treated with anti-depressants
GAD
panic disorder
OCD
PTSD
social phobia
class of drugs usually used for acute anxiolysis
BZD
class of drugs usually used for chronic tx of anxiety
SSRIs
antipsychotics are in general more effective in controlling which group of sx assx with schizophrenia
positive sx
typical anti-psychotics
chlorpromazine
haloperidol
flUphenazine
thiothixine
thioridazine
loxapine
perphenazine
atypical antipsychotics
olanzapine
quetiapine
aripiprazole
iloperidone
clozapine
ziprasidone
asenapine
risperidone
(QUAICZAR)
D2 antagonists in the mesolimbic system
typical antipsychotics
where do typical antipsychotics block D2 receptors
mesolimbic system
atypical antipsychotics block what receptors
5HT(2a)
D4
better at blocking positive sx
typical antipsychotics
better at blocking negative sx
typical antipsychotics
effects of antipsychotics in the limbic system
emotional quieting and indifference
effects of antipsychotics in the basal ganglia
EPS
effects of antipsychotics in the hypothalamus
hyperprolactinemia
poikiothermia
effects of antipsychotics in the medullary CTZ
anti-emetic
effects of antipsychotics in the ANS
anti-cholinergic
alpha-block (hypotension)
effects of antipsychotics on the heart
depressant
early onset EPS sx
parkinsonianism
late onset EPS sx
tardive dyskinesia
antipsychotics with high risk of EPS
haloperidol
antipsychotics used in tourettes syndrome
haloperidol
pimozide
antipsychotic used for major depressive disorder
aripiprazole
antipsychotic effect on opioids, barbituates, and ethanol
enhance
antipsychotics cannot be taken with which class of anti-depressants
TCAs
antipsychotic that can cause agranulocytosis
clozapine
antipsychotic used in tx resistant patients
clozapine
antipsychotic with least chance of EPS
risperidone
antipsychotic with the least amount of side effects
risperidone
antipsychotic with the most side effects
chlorpromazine
antipsychotic with high risk of EPS
haloperidol
EPS sx that is more common 1 to 5 days after starting antipsychotic
acute dystonia
EPS sx that can occur days to months days after beginning antipsychotic tx
akathisia
pseudoparkinsonism
EPS sx that can occur months to years after starting antipsychotic tx
perioral tremor
tardive dyskinesia
EPS assx with antipsychotics that causes prolonged tonic contractions
acute dystonia
muscle rigidity
hyperthermia
unstable BP
assx with antipsychotics
NMS
possible tx of NMS
dantrolene
bromocriptine
tx for most EPS assx with antipsychotics
anti-muscarinics
predominant biological theory as to the cause of schizophrenia
too much dopamine
major side effect of clozapine
agranulocytosis
side effects assx with atypical antipsychotics that are not assx with typicals
diabetes
weight gain
more common drug interactions with antipsychotics pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic
pharmacodynamic
long acting depot antipsychotics
fluphenazine
haloperidol
risperidone
biogenic amine hypothesis of depression
too much NE, DA, 5HT
neurotropic hypothesis of depression
decreased BDNF (brain-derived neurotropic factor)
SSRIs
escitalopram
citalopram
sertraline
fluvoxamine
fluoxetine
paroxetine
SNRIs
venlafaxine
duloxetine
atypical antidepressants
trazodone
bupropion
mirtazapine
TCAs
imipramine
amitriptyline
amoxapine
anti-depressant that causes 5HT(2a) receptor blockade
trazodone
anti-depressant that blocks DA reuptake
bupropion
anti-depressant that blocks presynaptic a2 receptors too cause increase in NE and 5HT
mirtazapine
MOA of TCAs
block NE and 5HT reuptake
MOA of lithium
affects IP3
MOA of venlafaxine
SNRI
anti-depressant that causes arrhythmias and priaprism
trazodone
anti-depressant that can cause seizures
bupropion
anti-depressants that cause the most sexual dysfunction
SSRIs
anti-depressants that have the most anti-cholinergic effects
TCAs
anti-depressants that decrease blood pressure the most
TCAs
anti-depressant with the most sedation
mirtazapine
anti-depressant with the most weight gain
mirtazapine
TCA with the most anti-cholinergic effects
amitriptyline
MAO-inhibitors
tranylcypromine
phenelzine
anti-depressant with a high risk of hypertensive crisis
MAO-inhibitors
causes nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
lithium
causes hypothyroidism
lithium
SE of lithium
tremor
DI
hypothyroidism
SSRIs that cause the most anxiety and motor restlessness
fluoxetine
sertraline
anti-depressant used for PMDD (premenstrual dysphoric disorder)
SSRIs
anti-depressant used for bulemia
SSRIs
anti-depressant used for anxiety
SSRIs
anti-depressant used to tx enuresis
imipramine (TCA)
anti-depressants least likely to have anti-cholinergic effects
SSRIs
anti-depressants likely to have nausea and diarrhea
TCAs
anti-depressants least likely to have agitation and insomnia
TCAs
anti-depressants most likely to have CV effects (out of TCAs, SSRIs, and atypicals)
TCAs
of the atypical anti-depressants + venlafaxine which is least likely to cause sedation
bupropion
of the atypical anti-depressants + venlafaxine which is least likely to cause orthostatic hypotension
bupropion and venlafaxine
of the atypical anti-depressants + venlafaxine which is least likely to cause sexual dysfunction
the atypicals
of the atypical anti-depressants + venlafaxine which is least likely to cause weight gain
bupropion
how are most anti-depressants eliminated from the body
metabolism
anti-depressants that have the most pharmacokinetic drug interactions
SSRIs
if cheese is eaten with MAOs what can happen
hypertensive crisis
st. johns wort effect on P450
induces it (increases metabolism of drugs)
how do Na levels affect lithium toxicity
hyponatremia can increase lithium levels
SSRI that must be stopped 1 month before MAO tx
fluoxetine (long half life)
why does fluoxetine need to be stopped 1 month before starting MAO inhibitor
long half life, can cause serotonin syndrome
limits use of bupropion as an anti-depressant
seizures