Hun 2201 Collins Exam Three Spring 2010

Front 1

Water

Back 1

The most abundant and critical substance in the body.

Front 2

Minerals

Back 2

Inorganic elements.

Front 3

Intracellular Fluid

Back 3

Resides in the cells. Makes up 67% of body water.

Front 4

Extracellular Fluid

Back 4

Resides everywhere that isn't in the cells.

Front 5

Intravascular Fluid

Back 5

The fluid in the bloodstream. Makes up 25% of body water,

Front 6

Interstitial Fluid

Back 6

Is found between the cells and make sup 8% of body water.

Front 7

Electrolytes

Back 7

Include Sodium, Potassium and Chloride. They control Osmosis.

Front 8

Hypertonic Solution

Back 8

Has a higher amount of dissolved electrolytes outside of the cell. It causes the cell to burst.

Front 9

Hypotonic Solution

Back 9

Has a lower amount of dissolved electrolytes outside of the cell. It causes the cell to shrivel up.

Front 10

Osmosis

Back 10

The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Front 11

ADH

Back 11

Released from the pituitary gland and stimulates the kidneys to conserve water.

Front 12

Renin-Angiotensin System

Back 12

This system is a resopnse to a decrease in blood pressure caused by dehydration. The immediate effect is vasoconstriction while th edelayed efect Is the stimulation of aldosterone.

Front 13

Aldosterone

Back 13

Stimulates sodium retention, and therefore water retention.

Front 14

Renin

Back 14

Converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1, which gets converted to its active form angiotensin 2.

Front 15

Water Intoxication

Back 15

If you consume more than .7-1 L of water per hour, the kidneys can't handle it and you can develop hypoatreamia.

Front 16

Hypoatremia

Back 16

Low blood sodium caused by water intoxication.

Front 17

Major Mineral

Back 17

A mineral that requires you to take in over 100 mg per day.

Front 18

Trace Minerals

Back 18

A mineral that requires you to take in less than 100 mg per day.

Front 19

Ultratrace Mineral

Back 19

A mineral that you need very small amounts of per day.

Front 20

Cations

Back 20

Carry a positive charge.

Front 21

Anions

Back 21

Carry a negative charge.

Front 22

Sodium

Back 22

A major extracellular cation. Found in high amounts in processed foods.

Front 23

Potassium

Back 23

A major intracellular cation. Found in high amounts in unprocessed foods.

Front 24

Chloride

Back 24

A major extracellular anion important for fluid balance.

Front 25

Calcium

Back 25

Makes up bones and teeth.

Front 26

Hydroxyapatite

Back 26

Made up of calcium and phosphate crystals, Makes up the matrix of bone.

Front 27

Osteoblasts

Back 27

Form bones.

Front 28

Osteoclasts

Back 28

Break down bones.

Front 29

Parathyroid Hormone

Back 29

Hormone that increases kidney retention of calcium and increases vitamin D activity, which also increases osteoclast activity.

Front 30

Osteoperosis

Back 30

Bone loss resulting from calcium deficiency and in some cases old age. Females are more prone to developing this than males.

Front 31

Magnesium

Back 31

An important enzyme cofactor that activates ATP. It is important in potassium and calcium metabolism and in nerve, lung and cardiac function.

Front 32

Hypertension

Back 32

Increased blood pressure than is above 140/90.

Front 33

Normal Blood Pressure

Back 33

A blood pressure reading that is less than 120/80

Front 34

Pre-Hypertension

Back 34

A blood pressure reading that is between 120-139/80-89.

Front 35

Trace Minerals

Back 35

Iron, Zinc, Copper, Iodine, Selenium, Flourine, Manganese, Molybdenum and Chromium are all this type of mineral.

Front 36

Ferric Form

Back 36

Iron that is oxidized and exists as a 3+ ion.

Front 37

Ferrous Form

Back 37

Iron that is reduced and exists as a 2+ ion.

Front 38

Hemoglobin

Back 38

Transfers oxygen in the blood stream.

Front 39

Myoglobin

Back 39

Transders oxygen in the muscles.

Front 40

Heme Iron

Back 40

This is the best absorbed type of Iron found in meats.

Front 41

Non-Heme Iron

Back 41

This type of iron is found in fortified cereals, plant foods, and some animal products.

Front 42

Ferratin

Back 42

Binds to iron in the mucosal cells.

Front 43

Hemosiderin

Back 43

Binds to iron in the liver.

Front 44

Hypochromic Anemia

Back 44

This disorder makes the red blood cells pale in color. Can be caused by iron deficiency.

Front 45

Microcytic

Back 45

This disorder is caused by iron deficiency and caused the reb blood cells to become very small.

Front 46

Pica

Back 46

A psychological disturbance in which iron deficiency drives people to ingest metal containing things, such as nails and soil. This is the body's natural defence and response to iron deficiency.

Front 47

Hemochromatosis

Back 47

This disease is very common in the US and causes those with it to absorb much more iron than needed, causing liver and tissue damage.

Front 48

Hypergonadism

Back 48

The stunted growth of the sex organs caused by Zinc deficiency

Front 49

Metallothionein

Back 49

Binds to Zinc in the mucosal cells.

Front 50

Albumin

Back 50

Binds to Zinc for transfer in the blood.