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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzymes |
Substances which help food to be broken down. Different enzymes are responsible for breaking down different foods |
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Amylase |
Starch = Sugars |
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Protease |
Proteins = Amino acids |
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Lipase |
Lipids = fatty acids |
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Digestion |
Digestion is the process of breaking down food small enough for it to be absorbed in the blood. |
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Types of digestion |
Chemical = enzymes Physical = teeth grind food particles, creating larger surfaces for enzymes to work on |
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Teeth |
Incisors, canines, molars |
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Vitamins |
There are different types of vitamins which are not made in the body but can be eaten in food |
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Anus |
Opening in which your bowel movements comes out and disposes of your indigestible food |
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Cell walls (bacteria) |
Protects walls against shock and damage, as well as keeping the cell rigid and in shape |
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Cell membrane (bacteria) |
Regulates substances coming in and out of the cell |
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Flagella |
Helps with the movement of the cell, pushing and pulling the cell through liquid |
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DNA (bacteria) |
Contains genes essential for cellular functions |
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Capsules (bacteria) |
Keeps viruses off the cell, and acts as a slippery coat to prevent white blood cells from eating the cell |
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Binary Fission |
Process of assexual reproduction within bacteria. One cell spilts into two gentically identical daughter cells every 20 mins. 20-40° is best time for it to take place |
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Liver |
sorts and stores foods |
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Pancreas |
Produces acids used for digestion and helps regulate body blood sugar levels |
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Multicellular digestion |
Bacteria discretes enzymes onto food sources and wait for it to break down - absorbs digested food particles through cell membrane |
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Carbs |
Energy storage and release of energy |
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Lipids |
Concentrated energy store for long time |
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Protiens |
Needed to build new cells (growth and repair) |
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Minerals |
Help our body grow - do normal things |
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Fibre |
Cannot digest. Pushes all things down digestive track. Prevents diarrhea. Spurs good bacteria to grow. |
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Reproduction |
Process involving production of offspring from either 1 or 2 parents. All species need it to survive. |
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Advantages of assexual rep. |
- easier (don't involve a mate) - faster - survival rate is high, as can produce many individuals in one area |
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Disadvantages of assexul rep. |
- all genetically identical so can all get wiped out by one disease. - lack of diversity - not helping evolution |
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Advantages of sexual rep. |
- genetically different offspring (adapt to new environments easily and produce offspring more adjusted) - allows to evolve - fast removal of bad genes and creation of good ones |
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Disadvantages of sexual rep. |
- Longer time ( need to find a mate) - more effort and energy required |
